7. 常见作物的效率 | Efficiency of common crops 8. 减少石油进口和成本 | Reduced petroleum imports and costs 9. 汽车运动 | Motorsport 10. 替代烹饪燃料 | Replacement cooking fuel 11. 研究 | Research 12. 可供参考的文献 | Bibliography 参见、参考文献、外部链接 英文词条原链接(无法从中国内地访问)...
Petrol and 10% ethanol mixture (E10) are widely used in USA. In addition, 85% bioethanol and 15% petrol mixture (E85) are used in FFVs. Carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 5.7 million ton as a consequence of the increased use of bioethanol; equivalent to taking 853 thousand cars off ...
Our two-step multivariate regression model considers price-induced shifts in consumer fuel shares in a first step, and the impact of these consumer choices, gasoline vs. ethanol, on ambient air in a second step33,40. As the first step, we require a consumer demand model30,41to predict day...
The researchers project that ethanol DI could result in a part-load efficiency increase of 30% relative to conventional port-fueled injection engines. The proposed direct injection approach could thus potentially provide a more cost-effective alternative to current generation gasoline-electric hybrids and...
Anhydrous ethanol can be blended with gasoline (petrol) for use in gasoline engines, but with high ethanol content only after engine modifications to meter increased fuel volume since pure ethanol contains only 2/3 the energy of an equivalent volume of pure gasoline. High percentage ethanol ...
With an energy density of 140 MJ/kg, which is higher than that of coal (24 MJ/kg) and petrol (44 MJ/kg), biohydrogen (H2) has a lot of promise as a cheap, renewable, carbon-free, and ecologically friendly fuel [59]. The kind of raw materials used, the nutrients that are ...
HC and CO emissions have been shown to be much lower than those released by other fuels, while NOX emissions are approximately the same as those of current petrol vehicles. Liu et al. [29] conducted a study with a spark ignition port fuel injection engine and methanol/gasoline blends of 0...
This facility can be coupled to different types of automotive combustion engines (an automotive diesel engine, a heavy duty diesel engine and an automotive petrol engine). The test bench recovers energy from exhaust gases of a turbocharged 2 L gasoline engine and exchanges thermal energy to the ...
The cross-price elasticities of petrol, diesel, electric battery, and plug-in hybrid vehicles significantly influence consumer decision-making [26]. Price elasticity levels vary between nations, with developing countries showing greater responsiveness to price changes. This suggests that fuel-related ...
An innovative organic phase enzyme electrode (OPEE) for the determination of ethanol in leadless petrols. Sens. Actuators B 2010, 147, 78–86. [CrossRef] 48. Commission Regulation No 3199/93 on Mutual Recognition of the Processes for the Full Denaturing of Alcohol for the Purpose of ...