These along with enhancement of other well-known metabolic and bone mass maintenance effects of estrogen can have profound influence on the health and functional abilities of postmenopausal females. Experimental evidence for these effects derived from animal and human models is discussed. In addition, ...
Those stimuli can produce permanent changes in the structure and function of postnatal human male reproductive organs, similarly as those found in females using rodent model offspring through more than one generation [49,[54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62],93]. ...
Six electronic databases were searched for articles evaluating the role of ERβ in the female brain and the influence of age and menopause on ERβ function. After screening 3186 titles and abstracts, 49 articles were included in the review, all of which were animal studies. Of these, 19 ...
RNA sequencing was conducted to provide a non-biased complete scan of the entire murine genome in response to estradiol treatment in WT and ERαKO mice of both age groups. Volcano plots in Fig.3show significant gene expression as a function of fold change. In 7-...
Estrogen also promotes muscle growth, regeneration, insulin sensitivity, and controls muscle inflammation14,74. Estrogen-related receptor beta and gamma (ESRRB, ESRRG) induce mitochondrial function in myotubes and have a role in shifting muscle fibers towards oxidative types75. Muscle-specificESR1knockout...
(Activation Function-1) domain, the DNA-binding domain, and the ligand-binding domain that contains a ligand-dependent transcriptional AF2 (Activation Function-2) domain (Ref.3). ERs integrate multiple signals both from ligands and intracellular signalling pathways to perform their functions in the ...
highly produced in females and known inducer of autophagy [19], have been proved to be involved in enhancement of both mitochondrial respiratory chain related gene transcription and mitochondrial function [29– Estrogen and estrogen receptors chauffeur the sex-biased autophagic action in liver 3119 31...
Estrogen receptor expression and function in long-term estrogen-deprived human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology. 1998;139:4164-4174. PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 16. Dawber T, Meadors G, Moore F. Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Public Health. 1951;41...
in brain function, and that thesedifferences are likely underpinned in part by E2.Much of the subsequent research was spurredby the finding that ER are found throughout thebrain [4,5], not just in the hypothalamus and,therefore, must be playing some additionalfunctional role in the female ...
The genomic actions of estrogens are mediated by two distinctintracellular receptorsthat function as ligand activated transcription factors. The classicalestrogen receptorshave been shown to exist in two types, termedestrogen receptoralpha (ERα, NR3A1) andestrogen receptor beta(ERβ, NR3A2). These tw...