为了具体化,文章以二元处理的平均处理效应(ATE, Average Treatment Effect)估计为例进行说明,尽管所提出的方法具有更广泛的适用性。假设数据独立同分布生成,记为 \((Y_i, T_i, X_i) \sim P\) 。其中,平均处理效应(ATE)记作 \(\psi\) ,定义为: \[ \psi = \mathbb{E}[Y|\text{do}(T=1)] - ...
其次,使用这些训练好的模型做后续的因果效应(treatment effect)预估。神经网络是第一步模型的自然选择。我们要解决的关键问题是:如何利用第一步设计训练好的模型来提升最终的treatment effect预估质量?本文提出了两种方法:第一种是新的网络模型结构,dragonnet,利用倾向性得分充分性对预估进行调整;第二种是一种正则化方法...
Estimation of treatment effect adjusting for treatment changes using the intensity score method: application to a large primary prevention study for coronary events (MEGA study). Stat Med 2008 May 10; 27(10): 1718–33Tanaka, Y., Matsuyama, Y., & Ohashi, Y. (2008). Estimation of treatment...
Adapting Neural Networks for the Estimation of Treatment Effects 核心要点 文章主要针对binary treatment的场景,能够用来估计ATE和CATE。作者提出Dragonnet网络架构,并采取两阶段的学习架构。首先,估计outcome和propensity score,随后,在这个基础上利用targeted regularization,估计causal effect。targeted regularization是非参估...
Estimating the treatment effect in the two-sample problem when some of the data are right censored is an important problem. Akritas (1986) and Meng et al. (1991) proposed estimators of the treatment effect under the location shift model using the fact that the median of the distribution of ...
Specifying the treatment effect as a random coefficient allows for precise estimation of informative average treatment effects including the program's overall impact on the mean duration. 展开 关键词: duration analysis unobserved heterogeneity program evaluation nonparametric estimation Monte Carlo simulation ...
论文第二部分“A loss function for Treatment Effect Estimation“解读 论文的核心就是这个部分了。 n个独立同分布的样本 (Xi,Yi,Wi),W∈0,1 为了跟论文的表示呼应, Yi(0)=E{Yi|W=0,X=x},Yi(1)=E{Yi|W=1,X=x} ,也就是 Yi(W) 表示对应W下的观测结果,以区分下面的潜在的结果表示方法。潜在结...
The results can be used in a sensitivity analysis to probe the potential effects of measurement error on the evaluation of treatment effects. Introduction When assignment to treatment is not randomised, a widely used strategy for identifying the causal effect of treatment employs a restriction ...
The six settings cover a wide range of scenarios in the existing literature. We then conduct a comprehensive efficiency comparative analysis across these settings by calculating and comparing the semiparametric efficiency bounds for the average treatment effect (ATE) in the target population. Our ...
in the initial treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease had a large effect on disease control, but only a small effect on overall survival. Recurrences... L Specht - 《Journal of Clinical Oncology Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology》 被引量: 410发表: 1998年 Ferti...