Estimating Wildfire Behavior and Effects Rothermel's fire spread model is used to develop nomographs for estimating rate of spread, reaction intensity, and flame length for a variety of fuel ... FA Albini 被引量: 1117发表: 1976年 AN APPROXIMATION FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF QUEUE LENGTHS AT UN...
We find that on average, wildfires cause a 25% initial decrease in the vegetation index (NDVI) and a larger than 80% drop in wetness indices (NBR and NDMI) after they occur. The GSC method also reveals that wildfire effects on vegetation can last for more than a decade post-wildfire, ...
The former are based on the observation or reporting of individual behavior in relation to environmental goods and attributes to reveal people's implicit preferences towards changes in their quality or quantity, while the latter use hypothetical questions designed to elicit the value that the ...
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A double-marking system could also be used to jointly test the effects of marking on bee survival and behavior (Henderson & Southwood2016; Seber & Felton1981). With this approach, two marking techniques are used individually and concurrently. For example, bees could be marked with either egg ...
We applied a 1 m2 resolution energy budget snowpack model at a forested site in New Mexico, USA, affected by a wildfire, using input data from lidar to represent prefire and postfire canopy conditions. Both scenarios were forced with 37 years of equivalent meteorology to simulate the effect ...
Environmental ResearchHaenninen, O. Challenges in estimating the health effects of biomass smoke--Response to Sverre Vedal and Steven J. Dutton: Wildfire air pollution and daily mortality in a large urban area-- Commentary. Environ. Res. 2008, 106, 423-424....
and density around 0.05 g/cm3. They will reach the atmosphere in loose chains and grape-shaped structures, and because of this structure, they cannot be compared with flat surfaces or spheres of the same mass concerning their radiation behavior. Very detailed studies [107] show that their ...
Accordingly, fire prevention tools to monitor when and where a fire will have the most negative effects through increases in fire severity are required. Fuel characterization is key to wildfire prevention as fuel is one of the primary factors affecting wildfire risk and behavior. Here, we ...
Wildfire behavior variables of primary interest are fire intensity and the rate of fire spread [1]. Each of these could attain values ranging across orders of magnitude depending on wind, terrain, and fuel characteristics. Instantaneous fire intensity is typically specified as fire-line intensity, ...