For steel fabrication companies as suppliers of steel structures, submitting competitive project bids requires substantial knowledge of the company's practices on the shop floor and extensive experience to interpret that into credible cost estimations. Being able to make reliable estimates would contribute...
learning algorithm, and like GBRT, it belongs to the family of decision tree-based algorithms54. This model was applied for predicting the compressive and tensile strengths of concretes44,45,55,56, the flexural strength57and shear strength58,59,60of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams, the sh...
Over the years, the construction cost breakdown has remained relatively stable, even though there have been changes in the survey methodology due to differences in the sales price breakdown.The construction cost breakdown sheet permits a contractor to generate a total estimate after breaking down the...
A proper estimation will help you to do an accurate budget for theelectricalpurpose. So before hiring an electrician, this will be helpful to understand the feasibility of the project so that the owner will be able to add anything within it or he has to cut down something to meet the budg...
It is thus possible to optimize the necessary material consumption for achieving the structural elements of bridges, for estimating their behavior under different loads, and the correct management of the possible risks that may occur, with positive effects on the cost–benefit ratio. With the ...
When designing elements, damage tolerance methods anticipate that there will be inherent flaws caused by manufacturing practices (e.g., faults in casting, machining, welding, and additive fabrication) [2] and unforeseen loading circumstances, thermal stresses, and fatigue [3]. During operation, ...