This paper presents a simple formulation to estimate the immediate surface settlement due to the applied TBM support pressure, based on an analogy with the hyperbolic behaviour of stress鈥搒train curves of soils. The variables chosen to describe the ground movement were the maximum surface settlement...
Arioglu E (1992) Surface movements due to tunneling activities in urban areas and minimization of building damages. Short Course, Istanbul Technical University, Mining Engineering Department (in Turkish) Chapman DN, Rogers CDF, Hunt DVL (2004) Predicting the settlements above twin tunnels constructed...