Esters are organic compounds formed by combing alcohol with carboxylic acid. The process, known as esterification, joins the acid and alcohol together by an ester bond (or ester linkage) and creates a water molecule. These linkages are formed when the acid loses its -OH group and draws the ...
in its composite parts (Figure 11.17a).Other examples for applications of cyanate esters in airplanes are air ducts or critical electrical components close to the engine where they are exposed to temperatures as high as 235°C. Cyanate esters are also found in high-speed vehicles such as ...
The chemical linkages that join up the sugar, base and phosphateNUCLEOTIDESofDNAandRNAinto polynucleotide strands. The subunits of the strand are triphosphate nucleosides, but when a number of these join up (polymerize) under the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase, two of the phosphates are clea...
2.1.2 Benzyl esters LC linkages Lignin and carbohydrates are predominantly linked with LC ester bonds (Laureano-Perez et al., 2005; Giummarella et al., 2019) as shown in Fig. 1b. Ester bond is one of the important LC bonds that links β-diaryl lignin unit (α- or γ-carbon) to the...
Advanced spark ignition engines require high performance fuels with improved resistance to autoignition. Biologically derived olefinic alcohols have arisen as promising blendstock candidates due to favorable octane numbers and synergistic blending charac
PEALM poly(ester amide)s were easily degraded in water at pH 7.4, 37 °C, at a rate that increased with the content in ester groups. The hydrolytic process was found to occur preferentially on the ester linkages and to involve also the occurrence of intramolecular amidolysis reactions. 展开...
Thermal properties were found to be dependent on average length of hard segment as well as on the type of substituent in the core of hard segment. All copoly(ether-ester)s are elastomeric at room temperature (25°C). Some of the polymers synthesised exhibit thermotropic liquid crystalline ...
of the Fgβ/SdrG complexes. However, we still did not observe the rupture of ester bonds (Supplementary Table2and Supplementary Fig.3). We intended to further increase the maximum forces applied to C1WT, by using covalent linkages to anchor the polyproteins to both the cantilever tip and ...
Degradation of this kind of polymers was found to occur by hydrolysis of the ester linkages at a rapid rate which depended on the crystallinity and hydrophilicity of the samples [79]. PEAs containing succinic acid units degraded faster according to a postulated mechanism where succinimide rings ...
1.12). This compound enhances degradation since ortho ester linkages are acid sensitive; it is necessary to stabilize the polymer with a basic compound such as Na2CO3 in order to avoid autocatalytic and uncontrollable hydrolysis degradation. POE I polymers have been investigated for clinical devices, ...