along with input from individuals intricately knowledgeable in the creation, development, and maintenance of essential medicine programs to answer the question: "With all the resources available to the WHO, why do individual nations put so much time, effort, and resources toward their own drug list...
Indian production of cheap generics as detailed on the WHO'sessential druglist are not affected by TRIPS. However, TRIPS is important for new drugs, or drugs which have yet to be invented, as well as incentives for drug manufacturers to sell to underserved markets. In India, a third of th...
Case Study 3: The Connection Between the Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa [33] South Africa has a two-tiered health system, where the health budget purchases health services for over 85% of the population in the public sector [34]. Rational spend is ...
Essential Medicine Lists (EMLs) represent a crucial component of national drug policies [4]. The World Health Organization (WHO), the specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health, advocates for countries to maintain EMLs that prioritize treatments for prevalent he...
But the lists are only part of the system. Medicines on the list also have to be registered for use in a country and the pharmaceutical industry has to apply to register its products. After approval by regulatory authorities, they are listed on national drug registers. But there appear to ...
The pharmaceutical industry has demonstrated the value of applying AI to drug discovery, and the energy sector is starting to follow suit in the search for new chemistries that not only lead to lower costs, but display the durability, strength and other qualities needed to perform under extreme ...
Regarding private sector, the pharmaceutical retail system also has three outlets levels: pharmacy (run by pharmacist), drug store (run by druggist) and rural drug vendor. Except rural drug vendor the rest can stock and dispense EMs found in the national essential drug list (NEDL) [21]. As...
Key policy topics reviewed included drug-related issues in Afghanistan, West Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, [...] daccess-ods.un.org 所审查的主要政策专题包括在阿 富汗、西非及拉丁美洲和加勒比与毒品有 关的问题、各国政府在实现大会第二十届特别会议所订立的目标和指标方面的 进展情...
Why you’re going to love them:There’s something brilliantly simple and direct aboutDrug Store Romeos’ music. Might it be the familiarity we already have with their bedroom pop-style electric drums, retro-sounding keyboards or pensive vocals? Or maybe it’s the new ground the three-piece ...
The anticancer drug cisplatin (Merck, Milan, Italy) (0.01–50 μg/mL) was used as the positive control. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the concentration of EO inhibiting cell growth by 50% (IC50). The detailed procedures are reported in Supplementary...