The two mechanisms of intercostal muscle action on the lung. J. Appl Physiol. 96, 483–488 (2004). PubMed Google Scholar Gehr, P. et al. Design of the mammalian respiratory system. V. Scaling morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. Respir. ...
A fossil Pseudodon shell which had been drilled by Homo erectus where the clam's adductor muscle attaches to the shell, forcing it to open. Photo: Henk Caspers, Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands Source and text: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oldest-engraving-shell-tools-...
Reduced development of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain, though more developed elsewhere (Sangiran 17 is at the high end of the erectus scale with an approximate 1029 cc. brain). Prominent muscle markings along the sides and back of the cranium. Conclusions Homo erectus (or the va...
Both have strong supinator crests, while the Kapthurin specimen, a full adult, has much better developed brachialis and pronator quadratus muscle attachments. The interosseous crest of KNM-WT 15000 is positioned relatively anteriorly (i.e., in the neutral position), although this is likely ...
as well as shells that were apparently used as tools. Many of the shells discovered at the Java site contained unnatural holes near the shells' hinges, exactly at the point where muscle keeps the shell closed. This suggestsH. erectusmay have purposely drilled these holes to easily open the ...
k, Hole drilled, damaging the adductor muscle. l, The shell starts to gape. m, The valves can be easily opened. n, Example of undamaged fossil teeth of the shark species Glyphis sp. from Trinil. o, Glyphis teeth with side damage, on the serrated edge. p, Glyphis sp. teeth with...
Many of the shells discovered at the Java site contained unnatural holes near the shells' hinges, exactly at the point where muscle keeps the shell closed. This suggests H. erectus may have purposely drilled these holes to easily open the shells and eat the mollusks, before using the shells ...
Samples of muscle and abdominal organs were taken to quantify indicators of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress at each moment throughout exposure. Results showed a full thermoregulatory response within 0.5 h: Rrout increased in direct correspondence with ...
Enlarged spinal cords in the thoracic region of humans have been linked to the unique human ability for fine control over respiration for speech, as several muscle groups associated with respiration are innervated exclusively by the thoracic spinal cord (MacLarnon 1993). Clinical evidence shows, ...
erectus. Such morphological specializations in Java include previously undescribed anteroposterior lengthening of the midcranial base and an anterior shift of the posterior temporal muscle, which might have influenced the morphology of the angular torus and supramastoid sulcus. Analyses of morphological ...