In the ever-growing travel demand, traffic congestion on freeways and expressways recurs more frequently at a higher number of locations and for longer durations with added severity. This becomes especially true in large metropolitan areas. Particular to the urban areas, excessive crowdedness caused ...
(2012) proposed an optimization framework for an on-road bike lane design in an existing urban road network. The benefit to bike demand due to the allocation of new bike lanes and the disbenefit to motorized traffic were both considered in their study. A bilevel optimization model was ...
Two methods were used to optimise the distribution of traffic flows: the Nash equilibrium and the Stackelberg approach. The Nash equilibrium assumes the aim of achieving equal average times on all roads for each origin–destination (O-D) pair. This describes the state pursued by a decentralised ...