In the ever-growing travel demand, traffic congestion on freeways and expressways recurs more frequently at a higher number of locations and for longer durations with added severity. This becomes especially true in large metropolitan areas. Particular to the urban areas, excessive crowdedness caused ...
Thus fast charging station or chargers should be deployed along freeways or highways to reduce the charging time of long-distance trips while slow chargers can be deployed along urban roads to eliminate range anxiety and to increase exposure. Under some circumstances, charging station equipped both...
(2012) proposed an optimization framework for an on-road bike lane design in an existing urban road network. The benefit to bike demand due to the allocation of new bike lanes and the disbenefit to motorized traffic were both considered in their study. A bilevel optimization model was ...