In order to keep the document compact, only a sketch of the geometry is provided for the test cases as well as the reference to the publication. This is sufficient, as the test cases are typically simple, and it is only required to understand the basic flow challenge. GEKO Turbulenc...
Free cash flow (FCF) = sales revenue – (operating costs + taxes) – required investments in operating capital Free cash flow (FCF) = net operating profit after taxes – net investment in operating capital Free cash flow example Let’s look at an example of free cash flow using the first...
A persistent phosphor required to have an appropriate energy level (E) inside the host. The thermoluminescence spectrum has been a significant method to determine the trapping center. The thermoluminescence glow curve of BaCa2Al8O15:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor is shown in Fig. 3.20. We have also tak...
Here an integral form of the equations of motion is derived that allows practical solutions to be found fairly easily for certain engineering problems. We derive the required momentum-integral equation considering mass and momentum balances on a thin slice of boundary layer of length δx (...
vorbit = sqrt((G*M)/rorbit); %Orbital velocity required to maintain circular orbit at altitude r = rorbit tmax = tburn%tcutoff; %Simulation running time (s) tspan = [0:tmax]; %Use : notation to produce finer integration steps xinit = [x0; y0; vx0; vy0; m0]; %...
Rate of Returnequation,weevaluatethattheinvestment on the CWB will generate an Economic Internal [...] devb.gov.hk devb.gov.hk 利用內部 回報率的方程式計算,我們估計中環灣仔繞道的投資在 整項工程 40 年的預期壽命內所帶來的經濟內部回報率
Drift: The drift-rate functionF(t,Xt) Diffusion: The diffusion-rate functionG(t,Xt) Simulation: The simulation method or function. Of these displayed parameters, onlyDriftandDiffusionare required inputs. The only exception to the (t,Xt) evaluation interface isCorrelation. Specifically, when you...
and same values of carbon accounting parameters (e.g., biomass expansion factor, root-shoot ratio, carbon fraction and allometric equation), aiming to reduce internal-stratum variability and enlarge cross-stratum variability as a result to reduce number of sampling plots at required precision level....
To understand the impact of inflation upon real capital accumulation, a little math is required. Come back for a moment to that 12% return on equity capital. Such earnings are stated after depreciation, which presumably will allow replacement of present productive capacity — if that plant and ...
By contrast, when you specify either required input parameter as a function, you can customize virtually any specification. Accessing the output parameters with no inputs simply returns the original input specification. Thus, when you invoke these parameters with no inputs, they behave like simple...