Novel Techniques for Continuation Method to Calculate the Limit-induced Bifurcation of the Power Flow Equationcontinuation methodconvergence-dependent step-size controlmaximum loadabilitypower flow equationreactive power limitsaddle-node and limit-induced bifurcations...
7.Sources - Laser principles, spontaneous and stimulated emission, rate eqns, output power.12 12光源-雷射原理,自发与被激发的放光,比例方程式,输出功率。 8.Propagation Equation for Small-Scale Self-Focusing in High Pover Laser Amplifiers and Its Exact Analytical Solution;高功率激光放大器中小尺度调制传...
Reactions on mineral or soil surfaces (∂ S/∂t) are the major mechanisms controlling reactive transport solute behavior. The second term ∂ S/∂t in Eq. (30) was accounted for using the MRM or SOM kinetic approaches. A finite difference (Crank-Nicholson forward-backward) method was ...
They are also useful when comparing noise production of alternate geometries and for locating the flow noise sources. Sign in to download full-size image Figure 5.61. Measured 1/3 octave sound power levels of the exit vent of Fig. 5.59 at two different airflow rates (top). Fourier power ...
Power factorPF= cosφ=R/(R2 + X2)1/2,φ= power factor angle. For the purely resistive circuit,PF= 1 (perfect). The apparent powerSis calculated according to Pythagoras, the active powerPand reactive powerQ.S= √(P2+Q2) Electrical Measurement Definitions ...
Graphical representation of power as a function of current intensity for fuel cells developed in the laboratory, the active area of which 16 cm2: (a) of 12; (b) of 14 y (c) of 18 unit cells. The graphical representation of power as a function of current intensity arises from the pola...
Moreover, the power law relation between cell numbers and lifespan (Eq. (7)) holds for all these species. If we consider the simplest case of \(m=1\), the ratio of body size is also \({S}_{1}:{S}_{2}:{S}_{3}=1:2:3\). In Fig. 10, we draw three cuboids to ...
Firstly, the problem of reactive power constrains of generator at slack bus is studied, and a load margin algorithm of continuation power flow of reactive power constrain at slack bus is proposed. 首先,针对传统连续潮流算法在计算负荷裕度时遇到的平衡节点发电机无功约束问题进行了研究,提出了平衡节点无...
Such games can be used for synthesis and for model checking reachability properties. The formalism they consider thus has less expressive power than the parity games we consider. Their technique is applied to weighted Petri net games with inhibitor arcs, which are more low-level than our PBESs,...
Ea is the activation energy for ith reaction, and R is the universal gas constant. The reactive surface area Aiˆ is another important parameter in the calculation of the reaction rate, which can be calculated by the following equation: (32)Aiˆ=Ai0ˆmimi0,(i=1,…,nm) where mi ...