Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Immunology and MicrobiologyDiscover other topics On this page Definition Chapters and Articles Related Terms Recommended Publications Chapters and Articles You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic. The Epigenetic Machinery in the Life Cycle...
Biology Bonanza Impact of epigenetics on biomedicine Epigenetic changes not only influence the expression of genes in plants and animals but also enable thedifferentiationof pluripotentstem cells(cells having the potential to become any of many different kinds of cells). In other words, epigenetic chan...
Molecular BiologyCellular Biology and GeneticsEpigenetic mechanisms create variably stable changes in gene expression through the establishment of heritable states of chromatin architecture. While many epigenetic phenomena are, by definition, heritably passed through cell division during animal and plant ...
Seventy-five years ago, the British biologist Conrad Waddington coined the termepigeneticsto describe the mechanisms by which an organism stably adapts its phenotype to the environment [1]. Over time, this led to the classical definition (Table1) of epigenetics as a phenotypic variation that does ...
Regardless of the exact definition, the epigenetic processes that stably alter gene expression patterns (and/or transmit the alterations at cell division) are thought to include: (1) cytosine methylation; (2) post- translational modification of histone proteins and remo- delling of chromatin; and ...
Two types of data categorization were used, including a simple binary definition of smoking and including 3 smoking categories defined as non-smokers, occasional smokers, and regular smokers. Four CpGs (cg05575921 in AHRR, cg09594361 at chr1: 54905423, cg21322436 in CNTNAP2 and cg09842685 at ...
Definition of cell senescence Although research on cell senescence lasts for decades, until recently, the field reached a consensus on the definition of cell senescence, that is, a type of cell state that can be stimulated by multiple stress signals throughout the life cycle and is characterized...
Since 2001, a new term "microRNA" was introduced into the scientific literature, challenging the central dogma of molecular biology. miRNAs are segments of RNA that are transcribed from DNA in a way similar to mRNA but they are not translated into proteins. In short, instead of producing a ...
(in the progeny of cells or of individuals) and also stable, long-term, alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable’. Regardless of the exact definition, the epigenetic processes that stably alter gene expression patterns (and/or transmit the ...
Percentage of genome, autosomes, X- and Y-chromosomes covered by ChIP-enriched regions for each ChIP sample, as well as percentages of the genome covered by transcriptionally active regions (TARs) (using previously published tiling array data from [32], and their definition of a TAR as “any...