Epigenetic modifications refers to heritable changes in gene function that occur without changes in DNA sequence, explaining how cells carrying identical DNA differentiate into different cell types in multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms for regulation of gene activity and gene expression include ...
Epigenetic modificationsinclude a variety of molecular mechanisms such as DNAmethylation,histone modification, and non-coding RNAs that change the expression of a gene without altering itsDNA sequence. Such modifications can persist, via mitosis in a developing organism, or, even via meiosis from one...
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Nestler (2011) used the term ‘primed for addiction’ (p. 80) to refer to epigenetic modifications associated with initial and subsequent administrations of cocaine. A single administration of cocaine has been shown to activate nearly 100 genes in the nucleus acumbens; the brain’s reward center...
Epigenetics is the study of how behavior and environment can affect the change in the way genes work. Epigenetic modifications are reversible and do not alter the DNA sequence; nevertheless, they alter how the body interprets DNA sequences....
Finally, kmers are ranked and greedily selected by iteratively correcting for sequences within a particular kmer's neighborhood. Conclusions Our method can detect multiple types of modifications, even at very low-coverage and in the presence of mixed genomes. Additionally, we are able to predict ...
modifications and more than 50 million sites of potential DNA methylation in a diploid human genome (and thus >250Mpossible epigenotypes!), it seems that no two human cells would have identical epigenomes. Indeed, within each individual there are many epigenomes, and these change over time as...
(remodeling) emerges as a key process, based on modifications of histones by appropriate enzymes (deacetylases, acetylases, demethylases, methylases, enzymes carrying out ubiquitination) and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. In addition, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs also play an ...
framework for epigenetic reprogramming in humans and an important advance in human biology. Through the generation of abundant mitotic pro-spermatogonia and oogonia-like cells, our results also represent a milestone for human in vitro gametogenesis research and its potential translation into reproductive ...