This review gives an overview on changing epidemiology of IgG4-RD focusing the attention on the cohorts published in the literature and on IgG4-related pancreatitis and IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis. 1.1. Diagnosis The diagnosis of IgG4-RD is based on a combination of clinical, histopathologic, ...
Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children. Previous studies based on symptomatic infections indicated that mutations, rather than recombination drove the evolution of the norovirus ORF2. These characteristics were found in hospital-based symptomatic infections, whereas, asymptomatic...
Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus that infects a wide range of vertebrate species in an enzootic cycle primarily of large waterfowl birds and swine. Horses and humans are considered bystanders to this enzootic cycle and, once infected, dead-end hosts. JE ...
2. While viral hepatitis is the seventh leading cause of death globally, it is the fifth leading cause of death in the Middle East and North Arica (MENA), predominantly due to HCV3. High HCV antibody prevalence levels are found in few MENA countries4,5, mainly...
Several lines of evidence have established the pathogenicity of α3 gAChR antibodies in AAG. In vitro, the application of IgG from AAG patients decreases gAChR current in cultured neuroblastoma cells [23]. Mice with genetically engineered null mutations in the α3 subunit show decreased autonomic...
In active infections, CAV-1 is shed in urine, faeces and possibly other secretions1; therefore, concern has been raised that red foxes may be a wildlife reservoir of CAV-17,13, as well as other pathogens, such as Angiostrongylus vasorum15. In a study of outbreaks of ICH amongst ...
Phylogenetic analysis The genetic identity of each PCR product was first de- termined by comparison with the reference strains in GenBank (US National Center for Biotechnology Infor- mation, NCBI), and the sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers MH491075-M H491166. Multiple ...
193 Nephrology replacement therapy and mortality (1-year mortality 55.5 vs. 24% in patients without CI-AKI). Decreased renal Acute kidney injury continued to be hot topic in 2011. function at the time of intervention, lower mean arterial Early diagnosis remains an issue of increasing importance,...
Currently, the following viruses shall be considered causes of acute respiratory illness in children: human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV); parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3, and 4 (PIV1, PIV2, PIV3, PIV4); influenza virus types A, B, C (IA, IB, IC); adenoviruses (ADV) ; corona...
Discrimination between transient and persistent AKI is of clinical relevance but currently often based on urinary indices which are not very reliable in critically ill patients. Darmon et al. [5] used a different approach by determining Doppler resistive indices in 51 patients. They found that a ...