-lor--lamd: Specify the weight for L1 or L2 regularization. Default value is zero, meaning no regularization. Regularization is typically used to avoid over-fitting. -ror--reg: Specify the type of regularization. Default is L2 regularization. L1 and L2 are supported. ...
ArticleADSMathSciNetGoogle Scholar R. Metzler, J. Klafter, The random walk’s guide to anomalous diffusion: a fractional dynamics approach. Phys. Rep.339, 1–77 (2000) ArticleADSMathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar S.B. Yuste, G. Oshanin, K. Lindenberg, O. Bénichou, J. Klafter, Survival prob...
For the probability distribution only the odd-index sites are shown since all the even-index sites have zero probability. The averages are calculated over 500 disorder realizations. Full size image 2D Hadamard walk In this section, the previously studied 1D Hadamard walk is generalized to 2D. ...
withQquadrature lengths\(\ell _q\), suitable non-negative weights\(w_q\)and the Dirac distribution\(\delta \)at zero, is given. Details on designing an appropriate quadrature rule are given in Sect.3.4. In the approximation by quadrature (3.21), the condition (3.20) becomes $$\begin{al...
Therefore, the rank of is 1 and has exactly one nonzero eigenvalue Having obtained the principal eigenvalue λ, we continue to determine its corresponding eigenvector . Obviously, λ and satisfy the following relation: which can be reexpressed as a system of equations: where is the ith ...
() or Calculate_NonLinear_TE() to test for linear and non-linear transfer entropy, respectively. Both methods return a boolean value upon completion. The method Calculate_Linear_TE() can take a single optional parameter, n_shuffles. If n_shuffles is zero (the default), no significance ...
J. Zerovnik. The cross entropy method: A unified approach to com- binatorial optimization, monte-carlo simulation and machine learning. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57:1503-1503, 2006.Rubinstein RY, Kroese DP (2004) The cross-entropy method: a unified approach to combinatorial ...
A majority of previous methods [1,2,4,14] adopt binary cross entropy (BCE) loss as the optimization target, which intrinsically degrades HTC into a naive multi-label classification. Following recent works [5,6] in HTC, we alternatively utilize the “Zero-bounded Log-sum-exp & Pairwise Ran...
Therefore, the correlation between each random number 𝑋𝑘Xk is zero, indicating mutual independence. As a result, the entropy rate for each bit of the TRNG output is equal to 𝐻=−𝑝𝑏log2𝑝𝑏−(1−𝑝𝑏)log2(1−𝑝𝑏)H=−pblog2pb−(1−pb)log2(1−pb...
Information will be zero when the probability of an event is 1.0 or a certainty, e.g. there is no surprise. Let’s make this concrete with some examples. Consider a flip of a single fair coin. The probability of heads (and tails) is 0.5. We can calculate the information for flipping...