For a system to be considered at equilibrium, entropy must actually be at its maximum. In order to be stable, everything must be marginally out of control. This applies just as much to life as it does to chemistry. The best stories I’ve written didn’t start with an outline, but wit...
MarkidesConventions and DefinitionsSignConventions:The sign of energy, work and heat imparted on or extractedfromasystem simply depends on convention.Engineers... WU The 被引量: 0发表: 2015年 On Yang's Noncommutative Space Time Algebra, Holography, Area Quantization and C-space Relativity An isom...
The partition function is closely related to the unconstrained total entropy (atleast that part that depends on the presence of the subsystem). By definition, the total entropy is the average of the entropy of the macrostate less the average of the logarithmof the macrostate probability. Since...
This might be undesirable if the network transport has message size limitations, meaning you would have to implement some kind of fragmentation system. Furthermore, large batch sizes inhibit work pipelining, where the synchronised records can be processed in parallel with additional reconciliation....
Thus, we consider a system of ODEs \(\mathbf {\varvec{\textsf{u}}}'(t) = f\bigl (\mathbf {\varvec{\textsf{u}}}(t)\bigr )\) and a one-step method. We again assume that there is a (nonlinear and sufficiently smooth) functional \(\eta \) of interest, which we call an...
Enthalpy cost and entropy gain in a disordered system are characterized through the thermodynamic density of states, Ω(E)δE, measuring the number of configurationally excited states within\([E,E+\delta E]\). For our large number of chemical compounds, to obtain Ω, we find more precise ...
The functional to be minimized is, precisely, the total entropy of the system. It depends upon some proper functional parameters relating to every single sector of the elapsing project.R.UniversitaArientiUniversitaG.UniversitaNicolettiUniversita
The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general attacks: no matter
The acentric factor depends upon the core radius of a globular molecule, the length of an elongated molecule, or the dipole moment of a slightly polar molecule. The corresponding-states theory of Pitzer et al. (1955) is thus as follows: (4.7)ppc=f(TTc,VVc,ω)....
Consistently, we found that win-stay and lose-switch are not strong predictors of undermatching because their relative importance depends on the overall probability of winning. For example, if the overall probability of reward is high, lose-switch is less useful for predicting behavior because ...