She describes the most available words in learners' lexical production in these two languages and addresses issues such as prototypicality, language proficiency and years of study of Spanish and English. An important finding in this study is the similarity in the word responses provided by the two...
English-Spanish bilinguals named visually presented words aloud in each language. The words included cognates (e.g., fruit-fruta) and non-cognate translations (e.g., pencil-l谩dpiz). The cognates were selected so that the orthographic and phonological similarity of their lexical form in each ...
English is one of the most difficult languages to learn, with complex rules that have many exceptions. This article focuses on terms used to describe categories of word that share a common feature.
For two children learning Spanish, a language with rich inflectional morphology on verbs, this method has shown that productivity develops even after the child can provide all the forms and that the children’s range of inflectional provision on the same verbs as their parents, even when the ...
(1986). Bilingual lexical representation: The status of Spanish-English cognates. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A(3), 367-393.Cristoffanini P, Kirsner K, Milech D (1986) Bilingual lexical representation: The status of Spanish-English cognates . Q J Exp Psychol 38 :367–393...
An interesting question is to what extent phonological similarity of translation equivalents across the first language (L1) and L2 affects speech-sound processing and lexical access in an L2. The present study examined this question by comparing processing of Spanish-English translation equivalents that...
Which are the hardest languages to learn for English speakers? Below are 12 languages, ranked based on difficulty and similarity to English, along with a sample phrase to help you see the differences. 1. Mandarin Mandarin Chinese is one themost spoken languages in the world, and one of the...
False recognition with mixed language lists: Lexical code switching and verbatim/gist processing in Spanish/English bilinguals.Theories of bilingual lexical organization attempt to explain how the two languages of bilinguals are related in terms of usage. The "independent" explanat...
Speakers of English habitually encode motion events using manner-of-motion verbs (e.g., spin, roll, slide) whereas Spanish speakers rely on path-of-motion verbs (e.g., enter, exit, approach). Here, we ask whether the language-specific verb representation
That is, although there may have been fewer words in Spanish presented within our picture books, the lexical diversity of Spanish was higher, demonstrating there were relatively more unique words presented in Spanish. Figure 2. Mean (and standard error of the mean) for (A) Type/Token ratio ...