Based on this equation, the carrier densities of MTB-1, MZB-1, and MIB-1 is 3.87 × 1021, 6.28 × 1020, 7.79 × 1020 cm−3, respectively, which is at least three orders of magnitude larger than the pristine MT, MZ, and MI samples (Fig. 2i). The ...
Based on the EKEme budget equation, each budget term is diagnosed using the outputs from both the 1/48° and 1/24° simulations. The vertical integration is performed between −1000 m and sea surface. Note that because the parameterized bottom drag and viscosities are not contained in the...
7. The calculi were carried out using the Engineering Equation Solver software (EES) by varying the CA/GA ratio between 2.0 and 4.0. The adiabatic flame temperature decreases if the combustion air increases. This is a consequence of the cooling of the reaction zone (combustion chamber) caused ...
$${\text{Total}}\,{\text{reaction}}\,{\text{equation}}\;{\text{CoSe}}_{2} + 4{\text{Li}}^{ + } + 4{\text{e}}^{ - } \,\leftrightarrow \,{\text{Co}} + 2{\text{Li}}_{2} {\text{Se}}$$ (5) Dual-anode materials in LIBs and SIBs exhibit excellent electrochemica...
For the PCM in each thermal tank, we consider the energy balance equation (Eq. (19)) in which the change in the internal energy of the PCM is equal to the net amount of energy transferred across the PCM control-volume boundary due to heat transfer over some time interval. This energy ...
10.1086/589937.S2CID119197696.. They find a best-fit value of thedark energy density, ΩΛ of 0.713+0.027–0.029(stat)+0.036–0.039(sys), of thetotal matter density, ΩM, of 0.274+0.016–0.016(stat)+0.013–0.012(sys) with anequation of state parameterw of −0.969+0.059–0.063(stat)...
energy-efficient power allocation strategy in fading channels. Particularly, it was revealed that as the rate of the system is a concave function of the transmission power, a unique global maximum energy efficiency exists that can be achieved through an optimum power allocation strategy using ...
The marginal costs for RESs are zero [[75], [76], [77]], which means the equation does not bear any relationship to electricity price. Therefore, the Ramsey pricing method is not suitable for cost allocation in ICESs. 4.6. Postage stamp method 4.6.1. Approach The postage stamp method ...
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of energy generator first demonstrated in 2012. TENGs have shown potential as power sources for electronic devices and as sensors for detecting mechanical and chemical stimuli. To date, studies on TENG
As we age, humans see natural decreases in muscle force and power which leads to a slower, less efficient gait. Improving mobility for both healthy individuals and those with muscle impairments/weakness has been a goal for exoskeleton designers for decad