where Tav is the mean LNG temperature during the transformation, r is the vaporization latent heat, and cp is the LNG specific heat at constant pressure. Instead, the following relation evaluates the pressure exergy: exp=∫p,T0p0,T0υdpexp=∫p0,T0p,T0υdpE4 Regarding the pressure contributi...
For instance, a transport energy transformation will have a double benefit: decarbonization of transport and a reduction in energy demand considering electric vehicles are much more efficient than current fossil-fueled vehicles [11]. A more electrified system will imply significant improvements in energy...
Wind energy may be included as an energy transformation source because it is an indirect solar energy source. Energy conversion systems include • Flat-plate collectors, which supply hot water up to ∼95°C. • Solar ponds, which produce hot water up to 90°C. • Evacuated tube ...
Combining the two steps, the simulations reproduce the transformation from spherical clusters to icosahedral clusters observed in the experiment (Fig. 5c–f). Quenching the ordered clusters of Fig. 5a demonstrates a high propensity for the development of surface features characteristic for MCCs (Supplem...
(Nd-RE)2Fe14B powder was stored in inert conditions. Flow diagram of experimental process and summary of chemical reactions during the process are provided as Fig.1b, c. Advantages (energy efficient and cost effective) of the chemical method over the commonly used method are described in the ...
Thurston TL, Ulm S, Ustunkaya MC, Welker MH, West C, Williams PR, Wright DK, Wright N, Zahir M, Zerboni A, Beaudoin E, Garcia SM, Powell J, Thornton A, Kaplan JO, Gaillard M-J, Goldewijk KK, Ellis E (2019) Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through lan...
Motivated by simulated annealing thinking [33], the fitness function carrying out the scale transformation is defined by: $$ {F_{\ell}} = \frac{{\exp {{\left\{ {W(g) \cdot \left[ {1 + f({A_{\ell, \text{pan}}},E_{\ell,B}^{\max })} \right]} \right\}}^{- 1}}}...
The third part deals with the transformation of the magnetic field strength back to a voltage on transponder side (see Figure4). A resonance circuit, consisting of a parallel capacitance and the coil’s inductance, is used to amplify the received voltage. First of all the coupling coefficientki...
Since it represents the maximum concentration change of the absorbate in the transformation from the weak solution to solid salt, it potentially achieves a significantly higher storage density than other absorption processes. The design of the reactor with sieve or separated reactors with sieve or ...
In this work, we investigate specifically the response of the interphase precipitation of alloy carbides that form during the transformation from γ to α, on hydrogen attack. It is demonstrated quantitatively that the vanadium carbides thus produced enhance the resistance to attack when compared with...