Generallyacollisionbetween2reactingmoleculestemporarilyformsamolecularcomplexcalledanactivatedstate.Intheactivatedstatethemoleculesareclosetoeachotherandthisdestabilizestheirbondssothatlessenergyisrequiredtobreakabond.Thisisdescribedbytheformula:(A-B)+(C-D)→(A-D)+(C-B)(A-B)+(C-D)→(A-D)+(C-B)Keq...
Moreover, to fabricate flexible EES devices with high energy density and stability, organic integration from electrode design to device assembly is required. To address these challenges, a free-standing reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/carbon film with a unique sandwich structure has been designed via ...
When fracture occurs and generates new surface(s) a certain amount of energy is required. This energy is a combination of the energy required to break atomic bonds along the fracture path as well as energy dissipated in the region of high stress around the tip of a crack. Because of the ...
Re-based HER electrocatalysts exhibit predictable high performance within the entire pH range but suffer from arduous formation (i.e., vulnerability to oxidation) and uncontrollable aggrega-tion, which strongly discourages the maximisation of active site exposure required for activity enhance-ment. To ...
TheIndustrial Revolutionbrought an ever-growing demand for a cheaper and more convenient source of lubricants as well as ofilluminatingoil. It also required better sources ofenergy. Energy had previously been provided by human and animal muscle and later by the combustion of such solid fuels aswood...
Physisorption process has relatively low selectivity of sorptive gases, which can form monolayer or multilayer of adsorbate gas on the surface of solid adsorbent in a rapid adsorption speed due to no activation energy required; while chemisorption has higher selectivity toward sorptive gases to form ...
While a more complicated trial state such as the UCC ansätz23 or its variations24 can, in principle, incorporate the required correlations; as the problem size is increased beyond what can be simulated classically the circuits soon become prohibitively long and inaccessible to near-term quantum ...
when CVMT/CPVDF = 1 M/0.02 M, a significant increase in cation concentration at the low-concentration end (outlet side) impaired the effective concentration difference, and ion transport under this gradient configuration required overcoming a relatively higher energy barrier. Based on thes...
When Pt/CoSe2 catalyst serviced as bi-functional cat-alysts for electrolyzer, a low cell potential of 0.65 (0.78) V for methanol (ethanol) electrolysis was required to reach 10 mA cm-2, which was about 1030 (900) mV less than that of conventional water elec-trolysis using Pt/C as ...
However, complex chemical synthesis is often required to achieve the regulation of response behaviors, making the manipulation process inconvenient and inefficient. It has been reported that organic quaternary phosphonium derivatives exhibit persistent RTP due to proximity-induced intermolecular electronic ...