Top-down energy models try to depict the economy as a whole on a national or regional level to answer the aggregated effects of energy and/or climate change policies in monetary units. From the perspective of economy, top-down models (macroeconomic models) are utilized for analyzing the behavio...
Introduction Fig. 1: LHCII trimer structure and excitonic energy level diagram. This work examines the sub-picosecond (<700 fs) energy transfer dynamics of LHCII at 77 K with 2DEV. Throughout, comparisons to a basic heterodimer model, featuring two electronically coupled monomers, each with...
Conversion of solar energy to heat requires a light-absorbing material, a collector, which is able to distribute the absorbed radiant energy over internal degrees of freedom associated with kinetic energy of motion at the molecular level (e.g., lattice vibrations in the case of a solid). The...
The control block diagram is provided in Supplementary Fig. 3a, demonstrating the transformation from the desired task space input to the final robotic leg response. The control architecture was initially established at the actuator level, using an experimental platform equipped with a laser sensor to...
Because space naturally needs to be of a uniform energy level, energy will always tend to flow from points of high energy to areas of lower energy, to try to flatten the overall energy level of the universe, in the same way that a water mountain in the ocean is not sustainable. The ...
Given that the current ballasted tracks in Australia may not be able to support faster and significantly heavier freight trains as planned for the future,
potential under clear skies, while post-hurricane conditions allowed PV systems to produce between 46 and 100% of their clear-skies potential. When combined with storage systems, PV can provide a minimum level of energy during and after a hurricane, thus improving the resilience of the PV ...
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Stackelberg Game in Energy Trading. 3.3.3 Long-term energy forecasting Long-term energy forecasting (LTEF) involves the years planning to determine the energy resources, environmental factors, and market opportunities. Physical models in literature (Lei et al., 2009)...
today. Each cell is depicted in two ways. One diagram shows thephysical structureof the device and the dominant electron-transport processes that contribute to the energy-conversion process.The same processes are shown on theband diagramof the semiconductor, or energy levels in the molecular ...
orders of magnitude in energy. Resonance frequencies were calculated to 1% accuracy, large nonlinear interactions, such as anharmonicities and cross-Kerr frequencies, to 5%, and small, nonlinear interactions to 10%. This level of accuracy is sufficient for most current quantum information experiments...