Contrary to "greenhouse effect", climate change might in turn impact energy consumption due to its influences on usage pattern and purchasing decisions for heating and cooling appliances, which are defined as intensive and extensive margins respectively in literature. As the largest energy consumer and...
economic growth; development of energy-intensive industries; energy consumption; transmission effect; entropy method; the panel regression model1. Introduction In recent decades, China has made remarkable achievements in economic development. However, with the extensive economic growth, especially the rapid...
Carbon neutrality attracted extensive attention in 2021 and today presents a common challenge and goal for all industries worldwide, including ICT. The ICT industry only accounts for about 2% of global carbon emissions and, in China, the three major carriers account for less than 1% of the count...
This paper concludes that, as a whole, China industry has achieved the transformation from extensive to intensive growth, with the productivity to be the first driving force, that is necessary to sustainable development in the long run. In addition to technical progress, energy and capital have ...
As a result, employing this technique for extensive population studies is not feasible from a logistical standpoint [12]. Other techniques, such as calorimetry systems, have received increasing interest to quantify EE in the last decades, and they are more precise but much more expensive and not...
“Ecoinvent Life-cycle Inventories of Oil Refinery Processing”69. For the processing of raw fuels from biomass, we use estimates of energy intensity from an extensive literature review by Fajardy et al.36,37. We define the energy used in refining as a product of the mass of the respective...
existing structures is a common challenge, but advancements in materials and technologies are making it easier.High-performance building materials with superior insulation propertiesand thermal control allow older buildings to embrace energy-efficient designs, reducing the need for extensive structural ...
An extensive robustness analysis of the construction and the strength of the EEGI can be found in the Appendix. Section 4 describes the database, the construction of alternative instruments for energy consumption and economic growth, and summarizes the IV methodology. In Section 5, we analyze the...
Then, the ratios of extensive properties (that is, intensive properties, such as the reserve density) remain constant79. It follows that the reserve density is given by the ratio of assimilation power to reserve turnover rate (equation 1). Furthermore, cells have evolved optimal protein ...
It has achieved a certain stage of industrialisation characterised by shifting to high-tech industries and a modern service industry while the extensive development of heavy industries has slowed down (YZ02, 2015). Consequently, the required tasks and targets, such as closing down small plants and ...