SEASONALENERGYEFFICIENCYRATIO：季节能效比 SEASONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO On January 1, 1979, Carrier Corporation started expressing its residential cooling unit and heat pump efficiencies in Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratios (SEER).EER - By way of background: ARI introduced the Energy Efficiency ...
advantages of renewable energy systems may be to evaluate the pureenergy ratioof the system. The term “energy ratio” is used to characterize relations between the energy input and output. Energy ratio is a ratio between the energy output and energy input according to the following equation; ...
For this equation, the relevant number of periods, m, may be different for each of the elements of cost, even for the same process. For example, tool dies or molds, which can produce only one type of part, should be allocated fully over only the years when that part is made. In ...
Climate change could significantly affect consumer demand for energy in buildings, as changing temperatures may alter heating and cooling loads. Warming climates could also lead to the increased adoption and use of cooling technologies in buildings. We a
(EE) estimation equation, bias can occur in the estimated values. We aimed to amend the EE estimation equation using heart rate reserve (HRR) parameters as the correction factor, which could be applied to athletes and non-athletes who primarily use ankle-mounted devices. Indirect calorimetry was...
1For simplicity we ignored the output of other commodities which are produced as by-products. Taking the by-products into account would improve the ratio of energy consumed relative to the value of the minerals mined. However, despite this having a positive effect for the p...
Step 4: From the above equation (1), inputs and outputs of energy consumption were respectively assigned weight vectors, u and v. 5. Step 5: The mathematical formula for calculating energy consumption efficiency is based upon the constraint that none of the DMUs has an efficiency level greater...
Equation (18.3) for calculating the solar reflectance of the glass (dependent on the angle of incidence: αin):(18.3)ρsol,glassαin≈1−τsol,glassαin−1−ρsol,glassαin=0º−ταin=0ºsol,glass︸absortivityfornormalincidenceααin=0ºifαin≤5º1...
7.1 Total energy efficiency of interrupted SUs In this paper, we formulate the joint performance of interrupted SUs as the total energy efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of the sum rate and total power consumption of the interrupted SUs [20, 21], i.e., ηtot=RtotPtot (26) ...
Collecting sensor data in industrial environments from up to some tenth of battery-powered sensor nodes with sampling rates up to 100 Hz requires energy-aware protocols, which avoid collisions and long listening phases. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard focuses