Based on the energy balance equation, assume that an increment of electrical energy dWe (excluding electrical loss) flows to the system in differential time, there will be a differential energy supplied to the field dWf (in stored form or loss), and a differential amount of energy dWm will ...
Increase in steam mass flow rate extracted through each turbine extraction (heat balance based energy analysis) result with a decrease in energy power losses and with an increase in energy efficiency of whole turbine and all of its cylinders (when compared to conventional analysis). All of...
An energy rate balance equation for the system in Fig. 4 can be written in terms of moles as (5)Q̇in+Ẇin+ṅr1(hfo¯+h¯−ho¯)r1+ṅr2(hfo¯+h¯−ho¯)r2︸Energyflowrateofthereactants=Q̇out+Ẇout+ṅp1(hfo¯+h¯−ho¯)p1+ṅp2(hfo...
Eq. (7) describes the energy balance equation of the OTEC vaporizer, and it allows the evaluation of the warm seawater flow rate required for the ammonia vaporization: ṁH2O=ṁNH3∙(hD−hB)cH2Op∙(tH2Oin−tH2Oout)ṁH2O=ṁNH3∙hD-hBcpH2O∙tinH2O-toutH2OE7 where hD...
Gas turbine; primary frequency modulation (PFM); desired dynamic equation (DDE); proportion-integral (PI) 1 Introduction Due to the advantages of fast response, high efficiency, and cleanliness, gas turbine units are becoming a key component in building new-type power system in China. In order...
The triple combined cycle (TCC) based SOFC model incorporates both gas and steam turbines. They utilized the swing equation for the grid-connected frequency model of the SOFC-TCC and examined the power response characteristics in the electricity model. An optimum microgrid framework that parallelize...
Water cannot be the sole driver in urban planning, but it needs to be a large part of the equation to create sustainable cities. Often innovation takes place without the other two supporting legs, i.e., the need or future requirement that it might meet, and the capital - both human (...
Xit denotes a vector of explanatory variables which are GDP, squared GDP, NUC and ICT. Moreover, individual i’s quantile τ fixed effect is presented by the scalar coefficient referred as αiτ=αi+ξiq(τ). Finally, we can write the MMQR-version of equation for our basic model in ...
Table 1 summarizes the thermophysical properties of both molten salts. The thermophysical properties of the solar salts and MgCl2–KCl were collected by Equation Engineering Solver (EES) [15] from the reference materials [16,17], respectively. The minimum operating temperatures are set with a ...
The availability balance of a closed system was derived in Section 4.7. A similar approach can be used to evaluate the change of availability in an open system. The Unsteady Flow Energy Equation (see Chapter 1, Eqn (1.30)) is (4.44)∑jQ˙−W˙=(dEdt)cv+∑em˙e(he+Ve2/2+gze)...