However, investigations in vivo have indicated the presence of a much thicker endothelial surface layer (ESL), with an estimated thickness ranging from 0.5 microm to over 1 microm, that restricts the flow of plasma and can exclude red blood cells and some macromolecular solutes. The evidence for...
In all images, green signal is autofluorescence of the internal elastic lamina layer (IEL) and the asterisk indicates the lumen of the vessel. All images are representative of observations from a minimum of four mice per staining condition. Full size image Alpha globin has nitrite reductase ...
mechanical stimulation [1]. ECs typically experience mechanical forces generated by ventricular systole. However, blood also exerts a frictional force that is imposed directly on the endothelial layer, termed wall shear stress. Shear stress is a critical regulator of phenotypic expression in ECs [2]...
The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by the endothelial cells that line cerebral microvessels, has an important role in maintaining a precisely regulated microenvironment for reliable neuronal signalling. At present, there is great interest in the association of brain microvessels, astrocytes and...
The small vessels (arterioles) of the brain comprise a highly specialised layer of endothelial cells (ECs), surrounded by pericytes, basement membrane, and the end-feet of astrocytes, which encircle the vessel and provide a direct link with neurons through the astrocytes. Surrounding this are ...
Circulating endothelial cells: life, death, detachment and repair of the endothelial cell layer. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 17, 1728–1730 (2002). Article Google Scholar Hobson, B. & Denekamp, J. Endothelial proliferation in tumours and normal tissues: continuous labelling studies. Br. J. Cancer...
Capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells (ECs), surrounded by a meshwork of matrix proteins (the basement membrane) and typically are partially wrapped with mural cells known as pericytes. Three categories of capillaries have been described. Discontinuous capillaries exist in ...
of organized basement membrane, making them the most permeable of all mammalian endothelial cells (Hang et al., 2012;Deleve, 2011) (Fig. 6). The unique architecture of the LSECs layer provides underlying hepatocytes with relatively unhindered access to the components of circulating blood that ...
After 24 h, cells were covered with a second layer of fibrin and fresh medium added. Capillary tube networks formed inside the fibrin gel within 2 days and were imaged using a light microscope. Sprouting assay Sprouting of PVECs was observed using a fibrin gel bead assay. Briefly, 106 ...
The primary histological characteristic of resting ECs is their cobblestone shape; however, they constitute more than static mechano-protective plates (Fig.1).21ECs mostly exist in the inner layer of blood vessels and are normally protected by pericytes that support the vessel structure.7ECs have ...