differentiated emotional expressions. Perhaps for this reason, the bulk of research on emotional expression has focused on the face (Russell et al., 2003). However, humans also have expressive control via vocal chords and bodily poses, which makesemotion expressionsmultimodal in nature (Rosenthal et...
The speech signal contains both explicit (linguistic, i.e., the message presented) and implicit (paralinguistic) information such as references to the emotional state of the speaker. Acoustic speech signals are mainly generated by the vibration of the vocal chords, whereby the frequency determines t...
Each extracted feature has its unique contribution to speech emotion recognition and the extraction methods are described as follows: • Pitch frequency Pitch frequency is caused by speaker's vocal chords vibrating. It is one of the most important features to identify excitation in speech signal ...