To better understand the role of the urea-to-creatinine ratio in chronic kidney disease patients, we assessed the epidemiology of the urea-to-creatinine ratio among hospitalised chronic kidney disease patients, and the association between the urea-to-creatinine ratio and inpatient clinical outcomes. ...
However, creatinine serum levels are apparently unaffected by either gill damage or kidney failure. Elevated BUN levels in teleosts may serve as a clinical indication of respiratory and excretory compromise due to respiratory epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia....