RNA viruses are defined by linear RNA genomes encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas viroid-like elements consist of small, single-stranded, circular RNA genomes that, in some cases, encode paired self-cleaving ribozymes. Here we show that the number of candidate viroid-like ...
DNA-Binding ProteinsResponse ElementsGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicHistone AcetyltransferasesCOUP Transcription FactorsAlthough many genes are regulated by the concerted action of several hormones, hormonal signaling to gene promoters has generally been studied one hormone at a time. The ...
DNA can determine where and when genes are expressed, but the full set of sequence determinants that control gene expression is unknown. Here, we measured the transcriptional activity of DNA sequences that represent an ~100 times larger sequence space than the human genome using massively parallel...
Hydrogen is also a vital component of compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen all contribute to DNA structure Water molecules consist of hydrogen and oxygen A hydrogen bond Macrominerals Macrominerals are minerals that are needed in large amounts by ...
The ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) is a member of a large superfamily of evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins that transport a variety of molecules across membranes. Many of the approximately 48 known human ABC transporters, which are divided into seven families (A–G), ha...
of MGEs in new hosts. Stable appropriation of the foreign DNA depends on a number of host factors among which are the Nucleoid-Associated Proteins (NAPs). These small, basic, highly abundant proteins bind and bend DNA, altering its topology and folding, thereby affecting all known essentialDNA...
Sections of the DNA strand (the rungs of the ladder) containing many of these base pairs make up what we callgenes, and they contain the instructions for the construction of proteins. The total of all a person’s genes is called theirgenome, and the set of genes that may create a spec...
What type of blood cell has proteins on it that determines blood type? Which of the following pairings is/are correct? I. Blood: matrix consists of RBC, WBC, and platelets II. Blood: liquid portion made of plasma III. Blood: formed elements consist of RBC, WBC, and platelets a. 1st ...
These data can be used to study the relations between structure and conserved sequence features of proteins, such as protein secondary structure, which is a basic structural attribute that defines structural folds. Sequence conservation of homologous sequences is rarely homogenous along their length; ...
Furthermore, the gonads of African cichlids express a Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway that targets TEs. We define the genomic sites of piRNA production in African cichlids and find divergence in closely related species, in line with fast evolution of piRNA-producing loci. Conclusions Our ...