The processes believed to have primordially produced the natural elements are the nucleosynthesis in theBig Bang, stellar nucleosynthesis, explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovas, and cosmic ray spallation. Elements of the human body The most common elements in living things arecarbon,hydrogen,oxygen, ...
Sulfur has 18 isotopes, of which four stable isotopes: S-32 (95.02%), S-33 (0.75%), S-34 (4.21%), and S-36 (0.02%). Other than35S, the radioactive isotopes of sulfur are all short lived. Sulfur-35 is formed from cosmic ray spallation of argon- 40 in the atmosphere. it has ...
) are produced via cosmic-ray spallation reactions and possibly 谓 reactions in supernova envelopes. Li is also produced via mass loss from super-Li-rich red giants () but LiCl and LiNC were not detected in the circumstellar envelope of the super-Li-rich C star IY Hya nor in the ...
We have pointed out that spallation reactions involving N and He become important in an explosion of a rotating metal-poor star if the progenitor still keeps a fraction of the He layer at SN explosion. In this kind of explosions, 6Li is produced by a fusion reaction He+He. Simultaneously,...
Cosmogenic beryllium (Be-10) is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic ray spallation of oxygen and nitrogen. Because beryllium tends to exist in solution at pH levels less than about 5.5 (and most rainwater has a pH less than 5), it will enter into solution and be transported to the Earth...
<Abstrcat>Cosmogenic nuclides found in rocks and sediments at the Earth s surface are produced primarily by three forms of interaction between cosmic rays and minerals: spallation,neutron-capture reactions and muon-induced reactions. 宇宙核素是宇宙射线与地表物质相互作用的产物,具有蜕变、中子捕获和介子...
This ratio is significantly different from the computed ratio ≈1 obtained from the primary cosmic ray source through the same mechanism. As our modeling of nuclear spallation reaction shows, in the same reaction nuclei of isotopes of hydrogen and helium are also produced, which are the source ...
Li and B (ISM Li H = 2×10 9 and B H = 2.5 × 10 10 ) are produced via cosmic-ray spallation reactions and possibly ν reactions in supernova envelopes. Li is also produced via mass loss from super-Li-rich red giants ( Li H = 3×10 6 ) but LiCl and LiNC were not detected...