Transverse electron focusing (TEF) geometry Two narrow contacts resembling nozzles connecting along the same crystal edge and two far away large electrodes form the electric connections to the device (Fig. 1a). A uniform magnetic field B is applied perpendicular to the surface, causing electrons to...
It further depends on various parameters such as device geometry, reflectance, transmission, and absorbance of different layers of the device [49]. 1.3.13 Power efficiency Powerefficiency(ηP)=OpticalpoweroutputInputpower=No.ofphotons×EnergyInputpower=ρPh×EPin=ρPh×hvVI Fig. 1.14 illustrates dif...
By applying an innovative particle sounding technique, we directly depict the boundary of the electron scale magnetic cavity and uncover the geometry. We find that this structure is nearly circular with a radius of 10.0 km and its formation is due to the diamagnetic current. Investigation of ...
Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is conventionally used to predict molecular geometry. However, it is difficult to explore the full implications of this theory by simply drawing chemical structures. Here, we introduce origami modelling as a more accessible approach for exploration ...
1.3.3.2 Electron Confinement and the Density-of-State Unlike the bulk particles, the band structure in the nanoparticles is strongly influenced by their size and shape. Smaller nanoparticles (less than 10 nm or smaller than the electron wavelength; Figure 14(A)) confine the motion of randomly ...
The array has the shape of a rectangle with boundary conditions in both directions twisted by 0953-8984/10/5/013/img1 and 0953-8984/10/5/013/img2. The components of the twist are associated with two components of the magnetic flux in torus geometry. An analytical expression is obtained ...
leading to energy transfer from the wave to the particle. Suchcollisionless damping mechanismsre-shape the distribution function and create the characteristic signatures shown in Table1D&E. They are well understood for individual waves; however, we are only beginning to understand them in the nonlinear...
2. Diffuse reflection in any geometry or any type of reflection in noncircular toroids (SNECTR, CYTRAN, CYNEQ). Here we extend the above benchmarking to the case of an inhomogeneous profile of magnetic field, which is calculated with allowance for plasma equilibrium. This extension covers ...
Moreover, since the hatch distance also remained constant, the macro geometry (spacing between grooves) also remained constant, therefore in the following analysis, only the aspect ratios of the trenches are considered. It was therefore demonstrated that an increase in laser pulses per spot gave ...
shape and centre position (Fig.2c), with the location of the electron departing from the potential minimum by less than 5 nm, with a standard deviation of 1.4 nm (Fig.2d). The dot position in the geometry studied here is highly tunable by biasing lateral gates (~5 nm/V, see ...