Reaction conditions for improved dimer yields in the Kolbe-electrolysis of β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids are examined. With vinylacetic acid ( 1) the passivation could not be lowered by decreasing neutralization, changing the anode from platinum to graphite and the solvent to methanol: pyridine...
This represents the first detailed study of the behavior of α-halocarboxylic acids during Kolbe electrolysis.Under the experimental conditions, Kolbe dimer of the α-bromoacid is not produced, even in small amounts, in either solvent. In methanol, hydrogen ester and bromoester were the major ...
A feature of the sodium chloride electrolysis industry is to produce chlorine and caustic soda, i.e., chlor-alkali, in parallel. In an electrolyzer for producing chlor-alkali, double-layer membranes consisting of sulfonic acid groups and carboxylic acid groups are developed to prevent back migratio...
1. A method for preparing perfluoropolyether oligomers comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a solution of perfluorocarboxylic acid salts or mixtures thereof in an aqueous methanol solvent; (b) electrolyzing the solution under controlled conditions to accomplish reduced gel formation and yields in ...
Hydrodecarboxylation of Carboxylic and Malonic Acid Derivatives via Organic Photoredox Catalysis: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insight applied to the direct double decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives, which allows for the convenient use of dimethyl malonate as a methylene synthon. Ki... JD Grif...
Thus basically, an electrolysis cell is a galvanic (electrochemical) chain obtained (in the simplest and most common case) by the series connection of three different phases, one electronic conductor, one ionic conductor and a second electron conductor. From: Advanced Membrane Science and Technology...
Hydrolysis of an ester gives a carboxylic acid which on Kolbe's electrolysis yields ethane. The ester is: View Solution Base hydrolysis of an ester with NaOH gives a carboxylic acid whose sodium salt on Kolbe's electrolysis yields ethane. The ester is ...
Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane PFCA: Perfluoro carboxylic acid membrane PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene ED: Electrodialysis SCT-SAPs: Side chain sulfonated aromatic polymers Rs: Measured internal resistance of the membrane [Ω] A: Area of the electrode [cm2] ...
In an undivided cell the concentration of the carboxylate remains constant until near the end of the electrolysis, because when the carboxylate is converted at the anode it is continously regenerated from the carboxylic acid by the base formed at the cathode. The endpoint of the electrolysis is ...
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the perfluorocarbon polymer having pendant carboxylic acid groups is present on the surface of the membrane. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein a perfluorocarbon polymer having pendant carboxylic acid groups is present on one surface of the membrane. ...