However, there is substantial variation in demand side response, mainly due to specific tariff design and the presence of “enabling technologies”, such as programmable thermostats or in-home displays (Commission for Energy Regulation, 2011; Faruqui and Sergici, 2013; U.S. Department of Energy,...
To help homeowners keep their heating systems in good working order, npower has launched a combinedÂenergy tariffand central heating care package, meaning that new customers signing up to the Bill Saver energy tariff can take advantage of discounted central heating care. Npower’s new offer combi...
The tariff system does not offer incentives to consumers to manage their power demand. There is evidence that industry would be open to a tariff system that would allow them to manage their power loads and consequently their electricity bills. In addition, electricity tariffs are not based on ...
Fixed-rate tariffs– tariffs where the rate you pay per unit of electricity is fixed. While on a fixed-rate tariff you may not benefit from reductions in the market cost, as a business you’ll have price consistency, which is useful for planning finances and budgeting. It’s standard for ...
Currently, the Green Electricity Certificate does not have its validity period unless it’s sold, meaning it can be carried over to the next year. Given the low demand for Green Electricity Certificates, this can bring a serious problem concerning the excessive supply of Green Electricity Certifica...
meaning a natural gas facility that is covered by the regulations must either achieve the standard or cannot operate. If the performance standard is too stringent, there is a risk that facilities will wind up forgoing investments in abatement technologies like carbon capture and storage and instead...
It’s worth comparing different types of contract to make sure you’re on the right one for your business needs. Rollover contract It’s automatically renewed until it's cancelled and might not give you the best deal. You’re usually put onto this type of tariff when your current deal end...
2.2. Electricity markets Economists often refer to liberalized and competitive electricity markets, (Baumol and Oates, 1988; Layard and Walters, 1978), meaning: • customers are free to choose their electricity supplier; • generators have free access to the market; • generation, supply, and...
Therefore, no reductions can be made for inflation, meaning that REFIT contracts are a hedge against inflation [32]. REFIT reference prices are lower than most feed-in tariffs in other countries, where they are fixed or are linked to market prices. As installed wind power increases, REFIT ...
Possible sources of electricity include a negotiated base load contract having both constant price and volume of electricity delivered through the entire scheduling horizon. Another tariff considered is a time-of-use contract with two price levels. The plant is assumed to have an opportunity to buy...