We observe a linear dependence of the spin signal on the bias current, and the sign of the spin signal can be reversed by reversing the direction of the current. Our observa- tions provide clear electrical transport evidence for the helical spin current and the spin-momentum locking ...
[45]. Therefore, the signals recorded by EEG would be the least complete only with a frequency under 100 Hz, which indicates that deep brain invasive recording is necessary for thorough understanding of brain electrical signals. However, the size of currentinvasive devicesis so large that there ...
Sign in to download hi-res image Fig. 5. The electrical properties of some ZnO CNFs doped with different inorganic components: (a) SEM image (inset→TEM image) and source–drain current (Isd) versus source–drain voltage (Vsd) curves for ZnO CNFs [72]; (b) SEM image (inset→TEM ima...
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(1 ± vT/c), where 𝜔0 = 2𝜋𝑐/𝜆0ω0 = 2πc/λ0 is the cyclic frequency at rest, c is speed of light, 𝑣𝑇vT is the thermal velocity of emitter, and 𝜆0λ0 is the wavelength for atom/ion emitting at rest; the sign “+”“+” corresponds to the source moving...
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power from theelectric circuit. On the other hand, when the current through the element leaves its terminal of positive voltage polarity, we put a negative sign (-) before the product of the voltage and current. This implies that the element delivers or supplies power to the electric circuit...
Losses are generally much higher in an alternating field than in a direct current field, resulting in different thermal breakdown threshold values depending upon the conditions. Sign in to download full-size image Figure 4.18. Dielectric strength versus temperature.(Copyright 1994, IEEE Transactions on...