Energies 2019, 12, 2750 22 of 27 Finally, electrical models are the most appropriate for real-time control or emulation purposes and are the best solution to be implemented in actual battery management systems (BMSs), chargers, or similar devices. These models are composed of simple elements,...
If a sufficient network of chargers is built, the automotive companies will also ensure the sale of its EVs and thus ensure the economic stability of its entire company. The economic analysis will focus on two possible strategies for using 2nd life batteries. Both will be primarily focused on...
This terminal enables remote control of EV chargers, smart batteries, smart electricity meters, fiscal cash registers (FCR), as well as remote control of renewable energy sources and other devices within the station. This terminal also makes charging stations more accessible to electric vehicles ...
In the uncoordinated charging mode, when the EV is connected to the EVSE, the charging process starts immediately, and the power supply is provided by the grid at the maximum allowed power (depending on the requests of the EV battery charger), until EV batteries reach their maximum capacity....