The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on productivity at upwelling systems has been extensively studied. However, in recent decades, ENSO diversity has been documented; there are more frequent events with anomalies in the central Pacific (CP) causing ecological impacts that are dif...
Previous studies suggested that spring precipitation over the tropical western Pacific Ocean can influence the development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). To identify crucial precipitation patterns for post-spring ENSO evolution, a singular value decomposition (SVD) method was applied to spring...
Table 1. Historical live coral cover (LCC) records in the Eastern Tropical Pacific following bleaching and mortality episodes associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Site abbreviations: GC, Gulf of California; CMP, Central Mexican Pacific; SMP, Southern Mexican Pacific; CR, ...