我們的分析指出不同伊斯蘭主義潮流之內和之間,他們的資產階級領導者與他們的小資產階級平民(rank and file)以及他們大量在工人階級和在貧困鄰里的選民之間的矛盾。這些矛盾總是承載於模稜兩可的宗教標語中,而即使伊斯蘭主義者反覆適應於政權,由於缺乏替代方案,部分群眾寄望他們作為唯一認真的反對者[3]。 兄弟會的年輕成...
January 26 that the presidential election would be held before parliamentary elections. The next day, Mansour issued a presidential decree to promote Sisi from general to field marshal—the highest military rank in Egypt. The move sought to raise Sisi’s power and influence enough to accum...
All men are equal; all have to answer the call for work without distinction of former rank. Kings and grandees, however, can be spared that light burden by having ushebtis (respondents) placed with them in their tombs. These ushebtis were small statuettes with a magic text which enabled...
a self-image, as he says, ‘I tell myself / there is no bad cinematography / in the real world. Only bad editing/ Like stitching two images with no rhythm. Like a call to prayer / and an explosion.’
In the book Trudy In-ta istorii estestvomaniia AN SSSR, vol. 2. Moscow-Leningrad, 1948.Wolf, W. Kulturgeschichte des Alten Ägypten. Stuttgart, 1962.Erman, A., and N. Ranke. Ägypten und ägyptisches Leben. Tübingen, 1923. Chapter 14.Brunner, H. Altägyptische Erziehung. ...
The grade structure had seventeen ranks ranging from private to general. Each rank had a counterpart in all services. Commissioned officers in the army and navy wore gold insignia on shoulder boards; officers in the air force wore silver ones. Army enlisted personnel wore green stripes; air...
International Contacts Last Updated: 4/22/2004 8:58 AM Some groups that meet are the Cairo Young Diplomats (for 1st Secretary rank and below); the American Chamber of Commerce, which has a monthly luncheon for business; the All Nations Women’s Group; the Petroleum Wives Club, and the Bal...
Libya’s oil and natural gas reserves rank 8th and 21st respectively in the world, which has attracted major energy companies, such as Italy’s ENI (since 1959) and France’s Total (since 1954). Turkey’s Erdogan considers Libya an effective springboard to assert his national security ...
First group: the Pharaoh (king/god) and the royal family. Second group: Priests, some civil servants, governors of provinces, military commanders and scribes of high rank. Third group: farmers, who constituted around 97% of the total population. It also included artisans and tradesmen. ...
relatively good salary and pension, and comes with many perks, such as use of army clubs, percieved social status, ...etc.. The lower rank officers are mostly people from lower social levels who have no education and join the Army because it is the only hope they have for a paying ...