a parameter characterizing the effectiveness of a system, device, or machine in converting or transmitting energy; it is defined as the ratio of the usefully consumed energy to the total energy received by a system. It is usually denoted asη=Wuse/Wtot-In electric motors the efficiency is th...
Three-phase power (often denoted with Greek letter phi [3Φ]) is how AC electricity is generated and transmitted. Each phase is a sine wave, and waves are 120 degrees apart. It is not common to have three-phase power in homes, but it is common in industrial buildings and a requirement...
The multipole response of this meta-atom can be tuned by introducing an air gap between the nanorod and ZEP520 sidewalls, i.e., a non-complementarity between the nanorod and the nanoaperture. The dimension of the air gap is denoted by d1,2,3,4 in four sides. c Calculated scattering ...
The comprehensive set of control variables is denoted by \({{Contro}l}_{i,t}\), which includes ALPC, GDP, IVA, UR, QOI, RQE, FDIRATE, and NMIRATE. These variables account for a total of 8 distinct components and are all in logarithmic form. The specific variable names are provided...
If this light is incident on a solar cell, the output current that is generated by a solar cell can be used to calculate the number of electrons that are generated. The sensitivity of a DSSC varies with the wavelength of the incident light. The IPCE measures the ratio of the number of...
The charge required by the Miller capacitance is denoted QGDand, as with the Miller capacitance itself, should be minimal for faster switching. Since MOSFET capacitance also varies with die size, a compromise between conduction and switching losses should be considered, with careful attention given ...
In this review a qualitative description of efficiency will be denoted by the descriptors strong (S), medium (M) or weak (W). To the extent possible, the evaluation is based on comparable conditions: concentration of catalyst, concentration of acid, scan rate, etc. Basically, the ratio of ...
In Table 5, columns (1) and (2) we start the investigation by dividing the data into income categories based on the income data. We calculate the income quartiles in the sample based on the incomes attached to each observation. Apartments with incomes below quartile 1 is denoted by IC1,...
In the above equation, Pdc(t) denotes the consumption of power by data center during the t time, the consumption of power by server i at time t is denoted by Pi(t), and Ns represents Number of servers. Since container-based service aggregation is a tough process, the cloud data centre...
The first of the three outcomes, denoted AllD (Fig. 4A), is characterised by complete defection (i.e., nobody vaccinates; Fig. 4B) due to a vaccine that is either inefficacious or overly expensive, or a combination thereof. The second outcome, denoted AllC (Fig. 4A), is fully ...