Surprisingly, an increase in inflation results in a lower stock market participation rate; in addition, savings decrease and the distribution of wealth becomes even more unequal.doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2005.11.003Burkhard HeerBernd SüssmuthJournal of Economic Dynamics and ControlHeer, B., und B. Su¨...
While inequalities in science are common, most efforts to understand them treat scientists as isolated individuals, ignoring the network effects of collaboration. Here, we develop models that untangle the network effects of productivity defined as paper
The mean differences are computed using two-sample t-tests by groups (balance and load factor fee schemes) with unequal variances. The means with finite variance of variables of income, contribution density and pension balance have normal distribution. The test on the equality of proportions is ...
While inequalities in science are common, most efforts to understand them treat scientists as isolated individuals, ignoring the network effects of collaboration. Here, we develop models that untangle the network effects of productivity defined as paper
possession of five grams of crack led to an automatic five-year sentence while it took the possession of 500 grams of powder cocaine to trigger that sentence. Since approximately 80% of crack users wereAfrican American, mandatory minimums led to an unequal increase of incarceration rates for non...
Paradigm shifts relevant to global change effects on Hg cycling.aThe wealth of monitoring data since the 1990s on Hg wet deposition has fueled a paradigm where wet and dry HgIIdeposition are the main routes of terrestrial and marine ecosystem loading (UNEP2003,2018). Deposition of gaseous Hg0(...
The c-statistic for benefit is the extension of the c-statistic for individualized treatment effects. The c-statistic for benefit is defined as the probability that from two randomly chosen matched pairs (p1, p2) with unequal estimated benefit, the pair with greater estimated benefit also has a...
Due to the unequal resource endowments among various cities, the DEA-Malmquist productivity index model was chosen to avoid measurement errors associated with model assumptions. This approach was employed to calculate the TFP of 285 prefectural-level cities. Thirdly, there may exist a bidirectional ...
The IHDI takes into account the unequal distribution of the three dimensions of objective well-being among the population and is equivalent to a “discounted” HDI [9]. Then, the “Easterlin Paradox” brought the importance of subjective well-being research to the forefront [10]. Measuring ...
The existing literature on the short- and long-run impacts of economic growth on income inequality indicates that positive and negative output shocks have worsened the income distribution in the United States. In this paper, we report our empirical examination of the opposite; that is, the impact...