Surprisingly, an increase in inflation results in a lower stock market participation rate; in addition, savings decrease and the distribution of wealth becomes even more unequal.doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2005.11.003Bu
The IHDI takes into account the unequal distribution of the three dimensions of objective well-being among the population and is equivalent to a “discounted” HDI [9]. Then, the “Easterlin Paradox” brought the importance of subjective well-being research to the forefront [10]. Measuring ...
Research on the family spillover effects of health shocks, which has focused mainly on labor market outcomes, has yielded inconclusive results, with limite
unequal distribution of housing wealth as the Lorenz curves are close to the line of perfect equality. Figure 2 also presents a graphic illustration of the actual distribution of housing wealth. Firstly, it illustrates how the total value of housing is distributed among different ...
While inequalities in science are common, most efforts to understand them treat scientists as isolated individuals, ignoring the network effects of collaboration. Here, we develop models that untangle the network effects of productivity defined as paper
Due to the unequal resource endowments among various cities, the DEA-Malmquist productivity index model was chosen to avoid measurement errors associated with model assumptions. This approach was employed to calculate the TFP of 285 prefectural-level cities. Thirdly, there may exist a bidirectional ...
Socio-economic inequalities are associated with unequal exposure to social, economic and environmental risk factors, which in turn contribute to health inequalities. Understanding the impact of specific public health policy interventions will help to establish causality in terms of the effects on health ...
andeconomic conditions. This results in the local accumulation of advantages and disadvantages (Sen, 1995), tied closely to the notion of spatial inequalities.Adamovich (2022)states that “insociology, spatial inequality has traditionally been defined as the unequal distribution of benefits betweenterrito...
The mean differences are computed using two-sample t-tests by groups (balance and load factor fee schemes) with unequal variances. The means with finite variance of variables of income, contribution density and pension balance have normal distribution. The test on the equality of proportions is ...
A dummy of home ownership distinguishes between respondents who own their home outright and those that either pay off mortgages or live in rented accommodation. The indicator is thought to approximate differences in household wealth and thus financial resources to fully or partially retire from work....