The objective of the present study was to determine whether positive reinforcement training (PRT) and exposure to a novel object (NOV) for enrichment induced a salivary cortisol response indicative of activation of the hypothalamic鈥損ituitary鈥揳drenal (HPA) axis and which factors det...
We evaluated the effects of providing positive reinforcement for task completion, signaled via the presence of a tangible item, on escape-maintained problem behavior displayed by three typically develdoi:10.1007/s10864-016-9265-0Kelly M. Schieltz...
The relative effects of positive reinforcement, response cost, and the two contingencies combined when used as contingencies for correct academic responses were compared on the dependent measures of accuracy of academic performance and level of on-task behavior. Thirty-three fourth- and fifth-grade ...
The article presents a study on the effects of touch and verbal reinforcement on the classroom behavior of emotionally disturbed boys. The subject of the s... JE Clements,DB Tracy - 《Exceptional Children》 被引量: 12发表: 1977年 "That's My Job": Comparing the Beliefs of More and Less ...
The negative effects of positive reinforcement Procedures classified as positive reinforcement are generally regarded as more desirable than those classified as aversive鈥攖hose that involve negative re... GB Biederman - 《Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders》 被引量: 99发表: 1993年 ...
A procedure of temporary isolation (time-out from positive reinforcement) was used as a punishment contingent on aggressive behavior in a brain-damaged child. It was found that a long time-out period administered on an intermittent schedule was relatively ineffective in controlling the undesirable beh...
Behavioral change (compliance) was greater in response to negative reinforcement from a black Evaluator than in response to negative reinforcement from a white Evaluator, while there were no divergent effects of Evaluator's Race upon compliance with positive reinforcement. The same pattern obtained in ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel running on the positive reinforcing effects of heroin in rats with an established h... M Smith,E Pitts - 《Pharmacological Reports Pr》 被引量: 0发表: 2012年 Neural mechanisms of drug reinforcement. Opiate receptors parti...
Self-talk can improve cognitive performance, but the underlying mechanism of such improvement has not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of self-talks on functional connectivity associated with cognitive performance. We used the
Sedentary and exercising rats did not differ in the time to acquire cocaine self-administration or responding on the fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. However, on the progressive ratio schedule, breakpoints were significantly lower in exercising rats than sedentary rats when responding was ...