Moreover, TNF-α also reduced synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β) can cause increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the inflamed tissues in arthritic joints9. COX-2 is an essential enzyme required for the ...
Selenium has good photovoltaic and photoconductive properties, and it is used extensively in electronics, such as photocells, light meters and solar cells. The second largest use of selenium is in the glass industry: selenium is used to remove colour from glass, to give a red colour to glasses...
Mankind’s quest for a manned mission to Mars is placing increased emphasis on the development of innovative radio-protective countermeasures for long-term space travel. Hibernation confers radio-protective effects in hibernating animals, and this has led to the investigation of synthetic torpor to mit...
It’s of great interest because it’s the essential element in the respiratory processes of most of the living cells and in combustion processes. It’s the most abundant element in The Earth’s crust. Nearly one fifth (in volume) of the air is oxygen. Non-combined gaseous oxygen normally...
The memory retention of the animals was evaluated in the step-down avoidance (SDA) test, and the possible effects on learning and memory processes were assessed by ex vivo cholinesterase (ChE) activity. The toxicity assays were evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity in RAW macrophage cells, mutagenic...
both effects lethal to plants. Saline toxicity—too much salt in plant tissues—will disrupt processes necessary to food production in plant cells. And too much salt in the soil prevents water from getting into plant roots in the first place. This is due to the way osmosis works, moving wat...
Methods: TGR5 activation was assayed in HEK293 cells stably expressing human or mouse TGR5 and a CRE-driven luciferase gene. DPP-4 inhibition was assessed based on the rate of hydrolysis of a surrogate substrate. GLP-1 secretion was measured in human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells. OL3 ...
of >1 in the beginning and a ratio of <1 in more mature stages9. The EPS layer around biofilms is associated with the spatial organisation of cells within the biofilm, as well as physiological stratification based on the formation of gradients of nutrients, waste-products, signalling molecules...
Researchers are incorporating every tool at hands and suggest that the ultimate focus should be the development of suitable drugs and delivery systems that efficiently target the viral proteins and thus resulting in the termination of the replication of HIV virus cells. Efavirenz is a highly potent ...
Zebra,sh embryos (TL strain)were collected from breeding tank Zebra,sh larvae were maintained in clear,sh water on a 14 h light/10 h dark daily cycle at 285(C The)sh water was reverse osmosis puri,ed water dosed to 500 mF salinity with arti,cial ocean salt mix and buffered to pH72...