Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or ...
An independent origin of these effectors was suggested previously [7,8,12,14]. In Ptr,ToxAandToxBwere never localized to the same chromosome [12]. Yet,ToxAwas found to reside on a homolog chromosome of essential nature, meaning a chromosome is present in all isolates regardless if the isola...
Phytophthora cactorum, a hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen, can cause destructive diseases on numerous crops worldwide, leading to essential economic losses every year. However, little has been known about its molecular pathogenicity mechanisms. To gain i
The proteins specifically secreted through T4SS conduit are called type IV secreted (T4S) effectors, which exert important functions in cytoplasm of infected eukaryotic cells [10,11]. A large number of T4S effectors have been characterized experimentally with assays involving genetic complementation, r...
“Recital” FHB responses is illustrated by a directional network plot. Network was built using TF genes as regulators of all FHB responsive genes, meaning that some TF genes are targets of other TFs, the master regulators. The figure shows the targets of one master regulator (yellow node), ...