Ras is a plasma membrane (PM)-associated signaling hub protein that interacts with its partners (effectors) in a mutually exclusive fashion. We have shown earlier that competition for binding and hence the occurrence of specific binding events at a hub p
Since the trained patterns correspond to the actual effectors involved during 'real-life' emotions, their correct execution is sufficient to convey the corresponding emotional meaning to the observer. A precise technique for 'stepping out' of an emotion was developed, which contributes to the subject...
The technicians injecting and imaging the mice were not blinded to the names of treatment groups, but they were unaware of their meaning or expected results. The bioluminescence-defined endpoint (total flux greater than 1x1010 photons/second) or tumor volume endpoint (3000-4000mm3) were selected...
At 21 loci (with two harboring two distinct signals each), we observed genes known to be involved in bone biology (Table 2; Additional file 1: Table S13). Many of these genes are well-established as key players in osteogenesis or skeletal development, such as FOSL2, which controls ...
Scab, caused by the biotrophic fungus Venturia inaequalis, is the most economically important disease of apples worldwide. During infection, V. inaequalis occupies the subcuticular environment, where it secretes virulence factors, termed effectors, to pr
More recently, another two subsets of effector CD4+ Th cells, named Th9 and Th22 cells, have been described, even if their pathophysiological meaning is still unclear. Despite the heterogeneity of CD4+ effector Th cells being higher than previously thought and some of their subsets exhibiting ...
Hence, unlike other catalytic NIPs, BcCrh1 is not involved in plant cell wall degradation, but rather in fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Furthermore, we show that the BcCrh1 protein is internalized into the plant cell. This internalization is required for induction of cell death, meaning that ...
Informed commentators have suggested that gene expression technologies have failed to live up to their promise of providing molecular and systems-level explanations of biological phenomena, because the ability to extract meaning from the data is poorer than the ability to generate the data in the firs...
Its behavior as an actin-binding unit and the phalloidin-like tions in cell biology studies, ppaortteincucylarofwVhoepnVcroepn1ssiduegrgiensgt that this sequence may have versatile applica- the broad use of phalloidin as an imaging tool to an monitor F-actin. inducible factor In to cta...
to react a linker of general formula III1 or IV1 with a compound of general formula I, in which the condition that at least one group L1, L2 or L4 represent a linker need not be met, and in which L1 and/or L2 and/or L4 have the meaning of a hydrogen atom, and free hydroxyl ...