Are declining effective tax rates indicative of tax avoidance? Insight from effective tax rate reconciliationsTax avoidanceEffective tax ratesDomestic and multinational firmsTime trendsEffective tax rates (ETRs) are often used to compare tax avoidance across firms and time. Using firms' detailed tax ...
Effective Tax Rates on Capital Income and Measures of Tax Rate Uniformity 2. Effective Tax Rates on Capital Income of C Corporations, by Asset Type 3. Successive Steps Toward Eliminating the Tax on Capital Income 4. Alternative Combinations of Steps Toward Eliminating the Tax on Capital Income A...
Barriers to energy efficiency Energy efficiency policies Energy sufficiency Carbon tax Energy savings feed-in tariff Personal carbon allowances 1. Introduction Energy is needed for several useful services such as heating, cooling and lighting, mobility, food preparation, water purification, communication, ...
(fertilizer use, cropping area or production); EFi,j is the corresponding uncontrolled emission factor, for which uncontrolled refers to the baseline model; ηi,j,k is the specific abatement efficacy; Xi,j,k is the implementation rate of the abatement technique or options k, and the baseline...
For each EOL option, the recycling process is briefly described and then the recycling cost and recyclate value are discussed considering an annual inflation rate of 2%. The cost data of landfill and incineration are obtained from industrial partners and literature review. For other EOL options, wh...
Perhaps you’ve looked up a prediction market price for an event and found the price to be…about what you expected. The Fed has been talking about rate cuts this year, they indicated in their last meeting that it’s likely coming and the market took a sharp tumble last week before ...
However, due to the devastating impact of COVID-19, the poverty rate will shoot up for the first time since 1998. The people belonging to congested urban livings, involved in informal services and manufacturing and those heavily affected by lockdowns as well as mobil- ity restrictions are ...
However, when asked about what they thought were possible solutions to the water crisis, the traditional leaders provided the fol- lowing valuable inputs: During the 1970s and 80s, when we had water challenges of accessing water, the government of QwaQwa introduced an annual R10 tax called ...
When this technique solved the surging problem and still provided water to the city at an adequate rate, D’Arcy developed the equations that we currently use for flow through a porous media, primary among them is Darcy’s Law (Wikipedia, 3, 2016). (1.2)q=(κ⋅Aμ)⋅(∂P∂x)...
However the business case for it is still challenging, due to the expected low utilisation rate. Continued government support will therefore be required in order for the rapid charging infrastructure to develop in the UK (Element Energy, 2015). 4.2. California Like the UK, California has set ...