An order effect was found in English infants' discrimination of an Urdu contrast. In Experiment 1 7- and 11-month-old English infants were tested on the Urdu contrast between the affricates /t/ and /t/. The orde
A similar contrast effect on subjects' self-esteem and body satisfaction occurred in female students only. Western-based attractiveness comparison processes also prevailed in Japan. A gender difference was evident in the contextual effect of physical attractiveness stimuli. 展开 ...
Yet money is not the only source of motivation2. In their work, people also respond to psychological motivators, such as social norms, praise, self-actualization, desire to reciprocate and fear of social rejection3. A large body of research has shown that both monetary and non-monetary incent...
to a certain degree, integrated into educational systems to achieve a variety of learning outcomes (Connolly,2012), yet a comprehensive policy is still lacking. In this paper, the first step was an attempt to conceptualize the terms “game” and “simulations”. Although the two terms are neit...
For example, instructions to a written dialog completion task ask the respondents to “respond as you would in actual conversation” (Beebe, Takahashi, & Uliss-Weltz, 1990). In contrast, there are relatively few studies in the L2 pragmatics literature related to pragmatic features of written ...
For example, Gardner and Lambert [6] asserted that success in a foreign/second language could be attributed to integrative orientation rather than instrumental. They proposed that it is integrative motivation that maintains better long-term motivation when learning a second language. By contrast, Bel...
In contrast, AGYW who did not have sup- portive adults had slightly lower adherence at month six with a decrease of TFV-DP concentration 22 fmol/punch (95% CI − 232, 187, t = − 0.21, p = 0.83) among those who disclosed to their parents compared to those who ...
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on intuitive and heuristic or on reflective and deliberate reasoning (Costa et al.2014a; Hayakawa et al.2016; Volk et al.2014). In addition, reduced emotions and increased psychological distance are also discussed as possible mechanisms underlying observed foreign language effects. In contrast to ...
In contrast, the constant advancements of information technology and computer science, particularly the breakthroughs in the application of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, brought machine translation into a new stage.7 Received: 28 February 2023 Accepted: 12 April 2023 Published: ...