The biotic and abiotic components can also serve as environmental (ecological) factors that affect the ecosystem. The biotic components whose biological activity creates an impact on the ecosystem are referred to as thebiotic factors. Theabiotic factors, in turn, include the non-living things and t...
aAnts are important components of ecosystems not only hecause they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers 他们构成动物生物量的一个伟大的部分,而且的蚂蚁是不仅生态系hecause重要组分,因为他们作为生态系工程师[translate]...
The shape of the oceans and seas of the world has changed significantly throughout the past 600 million years. According to the theory ofplate tectonics, thecrust of the Earthis made up of manydynamicplates. There are two types of plates—oceanicandcontinental—which float on the surface of ...
Although the total areas of grassland and unused land (the two largest components of our dataset) have not varied a great deal between 2000 and 2012 (Figure 3b), conversion between them has been the most widespread within the TRHR, especially in high-altitude areas in the west and north (...
Species diversity has two primary components: species richness (the number of species in a local community) and species composition (the identity of the species present in a community). While most research on the relationship between ecosystem diversity and stability has focused on species richness,...
(2) identifying and discussing how the ecosystem literature has developed over time, showing a shift from mere focal firm/single partner orientation towards a system-level orientation; (3) systematically demarcating ecosystem types by accounting for (and distinguishing between) their conceptual ...
Basically, an agent has two fundamental functions, and the data flow is shown in Fig.4: explore_env():it allows the agent to interact with the environment and generates transitions for training networks. update_net():it first fetches a batch of transitions from the Replay Buffer, and then ...
The ComPath ecosystem has three main components: the pathway database plugins, the ComPath framework, and the ComPath web application. The ComPath framework mediates the communication between the plugins containing the pathway database information and the web application ...
Urban ecology has grown increasingly important as a result of the migration of most of the global human population to cities. One of the by-products of this unprecedented phenomenon is that the world’s urban areas are expanding into environmentally sensitive locations, where they alterecosystemstruc...
Once a large wildfire has been defined, the challenge is to quantify the effects of the fire on the disruption of forest ecosystem functions. The assignment of “value to ecology” is a cross-disciplinary and controversial concept, being differently interpreted by ecologists, natural scientists, and...