To show the effect of including the changing cost of disease in the optimization, we again compare the optimized model with a benchmark model which has no health costs in the social net benefit function. Figure 2 shows two phase planes, one in (\( X, u\)) space (Fig. 2a) and the ...
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has aroused considerable interest and controversy in recent ecological literature. From an ... 张全国,张大勇 - 《Chinese Biodiversity》 被引量: 382发表: 2003年 Trophic interactions in a changing world Across the biosphere, rapid and accele...
Shaw and Allen 2 1 3 Comparing natural and innovation ecosystem to create an understanding of the basic mechanisms of complex interactions among actors in innovation ecosystems IE: Smart City Business model Digital health applications, United Kingdom – national Russel and Smorodinskaya 2 3 4 Provid...
Additionally, we incorporate two signaling molecules including RANKL and bone derived factors (BDFs) such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). In the sections below, we describe the interactions between cell types and cytokines that are key in bone remodeling and MM progression. Further ...
Analytical framework for ecosystem service interactions. Full size image Data sources Eleven basic data points were used in this study: elevation, annual average precipitation, land use type, annual average reference evapotranspiration, available plant water content, maximum soil rhizome depth, rainfall er...
interactions between goals proposes the challenge of the SDGs as a global policy framework (Waage et al., 2015). From this study, the most ES related SDGs were 13 (Climate action), 14 (Life below water), 15 (Life on land) at global and regional scales, which confirmed the idea of ...
This chapter deals with climate-related changes in the marine ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is often described as one of the world’s largest brackish water bodies. It has a unique combination of oceanographic, climatic, and geographic feat
■ Human well-being has several key components: the basic material needs for a good life, freedom and choice, health, good social relations, and personal s... ME Assessment - Island Press 被引量: 1598发表: 2005年 Maximizing ecosystem services from conservation biological control: The role of...
The growth of information and interactions in networks is driven by evolution (thus linked to diversity) and has potential to expand (Faith et al., 2010) (Fig. 3): information and interactions have overall increased in the history of living organisms. Unlike matter and energy, information and...
Research so far on the ecosystem services of the TRHR has been focused on identifying temporal and spatial changes in single service items, and few investigations have been concerned with multiple ecosystem services. The interactions between ecosystem services have so far been ignored. Thus, the ...