economies of scaleare instead characterized by volume. The latter refers to a reduction in marginal cost by producing additional units. Economies of scale, for instance, helped drive corporate growth in the 20th century through assembly line production....
If you’re like me, you probably encountered the idea of economies of scale in a freshman economics course. You probably never encountered theeconomies of scopeidea at all (I’ll explain why you didn’t in a bit). You were probably introduced to the former in book-keeping terms: the ide...
We also found weak demand dampened productivity growth through channels other than investment such as economies of scale and a subsector mix shift (see sidebar, “Additional ways weak demand hurt productivity growth during the recovery”). A third wave, digitization, contains the promise of ...
To minimize any substantial numerical drift in the simulations related to a non-equilibrated initial state, we applied a spin-up of the ocean model and biogeochemical model for 66 years, cycling twice over the DFS5.2 forcing sets48. Overall, the model simulates basin-scale, historical SST and...
While in the traditional Christaller theory, transport costs and economies of scale were the principal forces shaping the spatial organisation of functions and cities, in the city network logic other kinds of economies come to the fore: economies of vertical integration and division of labour (‘...
The growing popularity of carve-out transactions in a high-interest rate macro-economic environment reflects the increasing strategic relevance and effectiveness of this approach in various industries. In a high-interest rate economic environment where shareholder value and debt ratios are top priorities,...
Pulling out of the bloc would be a relatively simple process, according to article 2205 of the NAFTA treaty: "A Party may withdraw from this Agreement six months after it provides written notice of withdrawal to the other Parties. If a Party withdraws, the Agreement shall remain in force fo...
This outcome may be explained by the fact that large families have high energy needs and are often poorer. This result is consistent with Belaïd (2018) finding that smaller households are less likely to experience fuel poverty in France. However, the results contrast with Ahmed's (2013) ...
The portfolio manager is not tied to the benchmark in terms of investment selection or weight. Benefits The fund allows you to tap into emerging economies’ growth potential. The fund allows you to get well diversified exposure to corporate bonds issued by compa...
This study investigates the role of financial frictions on firm value within the framework of earnings management, including the impact of productivity growth. In contrast to prior studies, the present study employed an autoregressive model to examine th