mitigation and climate justice. On the one hand, adaptation against climate impacts must be justified and planned on the basis of an understanding of their future magnitude and spatial distribution9. This is also of importance in the context of climate...
NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax)refers to a company’s operating income after deducting taxes, whileCapital Investedincludes both debt and equity invested in the company. TheCost of Capitalis the weighted average cost of the debt and equity capital. By using this formula, you can calculate...
In the context of economic evaluation, this motivates the use of decisional criteria beyond cost-effectiveness, to incorporate equity considerations [19,20,21]. The concept of frailty has been proposed to capture the multidimensional and syndromic (i.e., not reducible to a specific disease or ...
this system allows shoppers to engage in dishonest behavior by underreporting the value of their shopping cart. Exploiting data from random audits on shoppers, we show that the probability of stealing increases by
The public health policies and the corresponding economic alleviation policies should be considered to have equal footing in terms of their degree of essentiality. Principle of equity requires action to be taken now. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by Joint Chinese ...
(3) increasing leverage. Those that do not do so are seen as underleveraging their equity and are punished by stock markets. In the more prosaic words of Chuck Prince, former CEO of Citigroup, during an interview with the Financial Times in July 2007, “when the music is playing, you ...
We show that the large equity premium that they report can be explained by choosing a more appropriate distribution for the return data. We demonstrate that the high-risk aversion value observed by Mehra and Prescott may be attributable to the problem of fitting a proper distribution to the ...
Economic policy reforms aimed to achieve sustainable development and increased equity could produce detrimental short-term social and political consequences. Such policies are like “painful surgeries,” but the sooner they are done, the better. For instance, energy subsidy reforms can increase commodity...
In addition to CO2 fertilization effects, areas with decreasing biome stability but increasing CO2 sequestration may also be explained through increasing shares of raingreen PFTs with a high carbon use efficiency. While tropical rain forests have among the highest carbon stocks, tropical seasonally dry...