The survey participants provide relative estimates: whether figures have increased, decreased or remain unchanged. Individual subindexes are calculated based on these answers. These subindexes characterize inflation, employment and other key indicators of economic activity. ...
a survey of the cross-country empirical evidence. IMF Working Paper WP/98/169. Vreeland JR (2006) IMF program compliance: aggregate index vs. policy specific research strategies. Rev Int Org 1:359–378 Article Google Scholar World Bank (2022) World development indicators. The World Bank ...
The calculated excess deaths are translated to a social-economic loss on the basis of the value of statistical life (VSL). The concept of VSL is widely used throughout the world to monetize fatality risks in benefit–cost analyses. The VSL represents the individual’s local money–mortality ri...
Race and ethnicity were self-reported using a standardized survey instrument, and diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010, derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire.36 The HEI score is a measure for adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans; ...
C. Participation in cancer screening in Germany: Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) [Inanspruchnahme von Krebsfrüherkennungsuntersuchungen. Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1)]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung ...
(see Abreu et al.,2004for a survey), previous work on county economic efficiency, for some reason, failed to address this spatial correlation problem. Thus, a research gap exists for studies focusing on spatial distribution and correlation patterns for county-level economic efficiency. Specifically...
To address these research gaps, this study aimed to use nationally representative survey data (1) to evaluate the proportion of the US adult population who recently purchased prescription medications outside the US to save money, (2) to identify the key socioeconomic and patient factors associated...
2.3 Summary Comments Based on the above survey of existing studies, we have discovered that existing research on foreign aid from China is focused on aid to Africa and whether China’s aid to Africa was conducive to economic...
This paper examines the relationship among CO2 emissions, energy use, and GDP in Russia using annual data ranging from 1990 to 2020. We first conduct time-series analyses (stationarity, structural breaks, cointegration, and causality tests). Then, we per
Sociodemographic factors and early marriage among women in Bangladesh, Ghana and Iraq: an illustration from multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Heliyon. 2021;7(5):e07111. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Tekile AK, Woya AA, Basha GW. Determinants of early marriage among female ...